Introdução: A Hipertermia Maligna (HM) é uma doença farmacogenética potencialmente grave, latente e de herança autossômica dominante caracterizada pelo excesso de resposta hipermetabólica durante exposição ao anestésico inalatório ou a um determinado relaxante muscular como a succinilcolina. Essa fisiopatologia desencadeia quadros de acidose metabólica, alterações cardiovasculares, rigidez muscular, falência renal e destruição completa do músculo estriado esquelético. Objetivos: Devido à alta letalidade dessa doença, bem como sua susceptibilidade em todos os grupos étnicos e em ambos os sexos, faz-se necessário mais estudos que elucidam o papel dos mecanismos clínicos e biomoleculares envolvidos no surgimento da HM. Sob esse viés, foi levantado o seguinte questionamento: “Quais os aspectos fisiopatológicos e biomoleculares da succinilcolina na Hipertermia Maligna?”. Material e Métodos: A pesquisa consiste em uma revisão de literatura com o intuito de esclarecer o papel da succinilcolina nos mecanismos que desencadeiam a hipertermia maligna. Para tanto, utilizou-se as bases de dados SciELO, PubMed e MedLine e a literatura Biologia Molecular Básica, do Zaha 5ª edição. Resultados: A partir dos estudos, foi possível observar que os mecanismos moleculares causam a potencialização do efluxo de cálcio do retículo sarcoplasmático do músculo esquelético em indivíduos susceptíveis, após a indução por anestésicos ou relaxantes musculares. Diante disso, há um acúmulo de cálcio no mioplasma que, por sua vez, irá ocasionar uma contínua contração muscular, fato que corrobora a diminuição de ATP e um processo de rigidez muscular e todos os sinais e sintomas associados à doença. Tendo em vista que a succinilcolina é um relaxante muscular despolarizante, ela se torna um fator que estimula o bloqueio da transmissão do impulso nervoso na placa mioneural promovendo o surgimento da Hipertermia Maligna. Conclusão: Em síntese, por meio desse estudo, evidencia-se a atuação da succinilcolina como um mecanismo biomolecular que propicia a ativação de aspectos farmacogenéticos em pacientes suscetíveis à HM e, portanto, o uso do medicamento está contraindicado nessas situações.
Publicado
2021-11-07
Como Citar
Reis, G. P. dos ., Soares, D. B., Manzoli, I. R. ., & Domingues, L. T. . (2021). MECANISMOS BIOMOLECULARES DA SUCCINILCOLINA NA HIPERTERMIA MALIGNA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 12. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2326
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