Introdução: A leishmaniose tegumentar americana cutânea é um tipo de doença infecciosa não contagiosa causada por um protozoário do gênero Leishmania sp. que acomete principalmente a pele e as mucosas. Ademais, a transmissão é pelo repasto sanguíneo do mosquito flebotomíneo infectado com a forma promastigota presente na saliva do inseto. Além disso, essa patologia caracteriza-se por um acometimento de lesão ulcerada indolor única ou múltipla. Objetivos: Devido a elevada prevalência no número de casos de leishmaniose cutânea na região norte brasileira essa doença pode ser definida como uma endemia, uma vez que foram registrados nessa macrorregião cerca de 30% de todos os casos notificados em 2017. Nesse contexto, é primordial mais estudos que esclareçam a padronização dessa enfermidade. Dessa forma, foi levantada a seguinte problemática “Como ocorrem os fatores imunológicos de patogenicidade da leishmaniose? ”.Materiais e Método: A pesquisa consiste em uma revisão de literatura retrospectiva, com o intuito de elucidar o papel imunológico de virulência da infecção por leishmaniose cutânea. Resultados: A partir desse estudo foi possível observar que durante a picada do mosquito já se libera uma substância vasodilatadora chamada Maxidilan presente na saliva do flebotomíneo capaz de inibir as células apresentadoras de Antígenos (APC) e a citocina IL-12 que são responsáveis por desencadear a ativação da resposta imune contra os patógenos, favorecendo assim a infecção. Outrossim, os mecanismo sinalizadores de células, a ligação do parasita e a influência dos co-estimuladores de determinadas citocinas corroboram a disseminação do parasita, uma vez que por meio da inibição das células que apresentam esse antígeno, a leishmania consegue através da sua forma ativa começar um mecanismo de tropismo migrando para as regiões de sua preferência infectante onde induz a estimulação de macrófagos fixos se ligando a eles por estimuladores e inibindo o processo de fagocitose. Conclusão: Por meio desse estudo observou-se um importante aspecto de patogenicidade associado aos aspectos imunológicos presentes durante a infecção que oferece vantagem ao parasita sobre o sistema imune do hospedeiro.
Publicado
2021-07-28
Como Citar
Soares , D. B. ., Manzoli, I. R. ., Domingues, L. T. ., Neto, P. S., & Lima, M. K. D. G. D. (2021). ASPECTOS IMUNOLÓGICOS DE PATOGENICIDADE DA LEISHMANIOSE TEGUMENTAR AMERICANA CUTÂNEA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(3), 43. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1445
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