RESPOSTA ALÉRGICA: ASPECTOS IMUNOLÓGICOS E BIOMOLECULARES

Autores

  • Diego Bezerra Soares
  • Isabela Reis Manzoli
  • Lohraine Talia Domingues
  • Gabriele Pereira Dos Reis

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2317

Palavras-chave:

ALERGIA, ASPECTOS BIOMOLECULARES, IMUNOLOGIA

Resumo

Introdução: Sabe-se que a alergia é caracterizada como uma reação inflamatória excessiva, desencadeada por uma substância alérgena que em situações normais não causam danos. No entanto, quando ocorre o primeiro contato do sistema de defesa com um determinado alérgeno sensível pode provocar o surgimento de interações moleculares e imunológicas estimulando uma reação de hipersensibilidade, que por conseguinte resulta em uma resposta alérgica acentuada nas células-alvos e nos tecidos. Objetivos:  Destacar os aspectos pertinentes dos mecanismos de hipersensibilidade em um processo alérgico a partir de interações biomoleculares nos receptores alvos e nas células de defesa a fim de esclarecer os papéis imunológicos e sua padronização. Dessa forma, foi levantado o seguinte questionamento sistemático: “Quais os aspectos imunológicos e biomoleculares de uma resposta alérgica?”. Materiais e Métodos: A pesquisa consiste em uma revisão de literatura retrospectiva com o intuito de elucidar os princípios imunológicos e moleculares das respostas alérgicas. Para tanto, utilizou-se  as bases de dados do Pubmed, SciELO, Medline abrangendo os períodos de 2010 a 2020 e o livro “Imunologia Celular e Molecular” Abbas 9º Edição. Resultados: A partir desse estudo, observa-se que o sistema imune adquirido é o principal responsável pelo mecanismo imunomolecular no desdobramento de uma reação alérgica, já que, diante do primeiro contato com um alérgeno sensível ocorre uma reação de hipersensibilidade nos indivíduos. Isso acontece, ao ativar os linfócitos alérgeno-específicos e a imunoglobulina IgE que, por sua vez, estimula os basófilos a liberarem excessivamente histamina, substância biogênica vasodilatadora que atua no aumento da permeabilidade dos vasos sanguíneos e na modulação dos receptores moleculares específicos que estimulam um feedback positivo para liberação de mais histamina, implicando assim na formação de edemas e hiperemias sinais clínicos típicos de uma resposta alérgica. Conclusão: Diante disso, torna-se fundamental entender os mecanismos imunológicos e biomoleculares envolvidos na patogenicidade da alergia visando compreender o seu funcionamento e suas implicações na qualidade de vida da população. Ademais, é imprescindível traçar novas estratégias no desenvolvimento de fármacos mais eficientes, com menos reações adversas e com melhores técnicas de dessensibilização no tratamento das respostas alérgicas. 

Publicado

2021-11-06

Como Citar

Soares, D. B. ., Manzoli, I. R. ., Domingues, L. T. ., & Reis, G. P. D. . (2021). RESPOSTA ALÉRGICA: ASPECTOS IMUNOLÓGICOS E BIOMOLECULARES. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 05. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2317

Edição

Seção

II Congresso Brasileiro de Biologia Molecular On-line
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Dispatcher.dispatch(Object:Request) % line  281, file: PKPApplication.inc.php
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Dispatcher.dispatch(Object:Request) % line  281, file: PKPApplication.inc.php
PKPApplication.execute() % line   68, file: index.php
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   PKPPageRouter.route(Object:Request) % line  143, file: Dispatcher.inc.php
Dispatcher.dispatch(Object:Request) % line  281, file: PKPApplication.inc.php
PKPApplication.execute() % line   68, file: index.php
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                                                SubmissionSearch._getMergedKeywordResults(Object:Journal, Array[3], null, null, null, 500, 1) % line  132, file: SubmissionSearch.inc.php
                                             SubmissionSearch._getMergedArray(Object:Journal, Array[1], null, null) % line  263, file: SubmissionSearch.inc.php
                                          SubmissionSearch.retrieveResults(Object:Request, Object:Journal, Array[1], null, null, null, Object:DBResultRange, Array[1]) % line   92, file: RecommendBySimilarityPlugin.inc.php
                                       RecommendBySimilarityPlugin.callbackTemplateArticlePageFooter(Templates::Article::Footer::PageFooter, Array[3]) % line  107, file: HookRegistry.inc.php
                                    HookRegistry.call(Templates::Article::Footer::PageFooter, Array[3]) % line 1267, file: PKPTemplateManager.inc.php
                                 PKPTemplateManager.smartyCallHook(Array[1], Object:Smarty_Internal_Template) % line   43, file: 42362804174f266c598cdb32c3208fc745b92101^1c372c95cd85572e0fbc9a53d0323a0b229cfc78_0.app.frontendpagesarticle.tpl.php
                              content_6781613650b432_13896783(Object:Smarty_Internal_Template) % line  123, file: smarty_template_resource_base.php
                           Smarty_Template_Resource_Base.getRenderedTemplateCode(Object:Smarty_Internal_Template) % line  114, file: smarty_template_compiled.php
                        Smarty_Template_Compiled.render(Object:Smarty_Internal_Template) % line  216, file: smarty_internal_template.php
                     Smarty_Internal_Template.render(false, 1) % line  232, file: smarty_internal_templatebase.php
                  Smarty_Internal_TemplateBase._execute(Object:Smarty_Internal_Template, null, 42362804174f266c598cdb32c3208fc745b92101, null, 1) % line  134, file: smarty_internal_templatebase.php
               Smarty_Internal_TemplateBase.display(frontend/pages/article.tpl, null, 42362804174f266c598cdb32c3208fc745b92101, null) % line  924, file: PKPTemplateManager.inc.php
            PKPTemplateManager.display(frontend/pages/article.tpl) % line  292, file: ArticleHandler.inc.php
         ArticleHandler.view(Array[1], Object:Request) % line  391, file: PKPRouter.inc.php
      PKPRouter._authorizeInitializeAndCallRequest(Array[2], Object:Request, Array[1], false) % line  231, file: PKPPageRouter.inc.php
   PKPPageRouter.route(Object:Request) % line  143, file: Dispatcher.inc.php
Dispatcher.dispatch(Object:Request) % line  281, file: PKPApplication.inc.php
PKPApplication.execute() % line   68, file: index.php

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