Introdução: A Hanseníase é uma doença infecciosa causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium leprae que acomete principalmente a pele e nervos periféricos. Ademais, a transmissão desse bacilo ocorre através do aparelho respiratório superior por meio de secreções nasais e de gotículas, no entanto, cerca de 5% dos indivíduos expostos são acometidos, por fatores genéticos. Outrossim, essa patologia caracteriza-se pelo comprometimento de áreas da pele com manchas avermelhadas ou brancas, perda da sensibilidade, dor e tato. Além disso, sabe-se que o Brasil é considerado o país com maior incidência da doença no mundo. Objetivo: Devido ao elevado número de casos por habitante, faz-se necessário mais estudos que esclareçam os mecanismos imunológicos e a padronização dessa patologia. Dessa forma, foi levantado o seguinte questionamento: “Como ocorrem os fatores imunológicos de patogenicidade da Hanseníase? ”. Metodologia: A pesquisa consiste em uma revisão de literatura retrospectiva, com o objetivo de elucidar os aspectos imunológicos envolvidos na patogenicidade da Hanseníase. Para tanto, utilizou-se a base de dados Pubmed, Medline e SciELO. Resultados: A partir desse estudo foi possível observar que os macrófagos exercem papel fundamental na patogenicidade do parasita, uma vez que são os principais hospedeiros dos bacilos. A penetração nos macrófagos constitui um importante mecanismo de ação, já que o Mycobacterium leprae induz um quadro de escassez de linfócitos buscando evitar uma resposta imunológica acentuada, favorecendo assim, sua disseminação. Sob esse viés, em situações em que os macrófagos estão repletos de bacilos há desenvolvimento do quadro clínico mais grave da doença, a forma virchowiana. Conclusão: Por meio desse estudo, notou-se que os fatores imunológicos estão relacionados a patogenicidade da doença influenciando tanto no agravamento da forma clínica quanto ao não desenvolvimento da patologia. Haja vista que uma resposta imune efetiva em combinação com a baixa virulência do Mycobacterium leprae está associada à resistência para o surgimento da Hanseníase.
Publicado
2021-10-08
Como Citar
Soares , D. B. ., Manzoli, I. R. ., Domingues, L. T. ., & Neto, P. S. . (2021). HANSENÍASE: ASPECTOS IMUNOLÓGICOS E PATOGÊNICOS. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 95. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2239
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