INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento com plasma convalescente (PC) consiste na utilização de plasma de indivíduos que tiveram infecção ativa e desenvolveram anticorpos contra o SARS-CoV-2. Essa forma de terapia passiva é utilizada há mais de um século e foi eficaz contra a Difteria, Ebola e contra a MERS (Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio). Na pandemia pelo SARS-CoV-2, o PC foi utilizado para tratamento de pacientes com COVID-19 grave e alguns estudos têm mostrado que o PC é, provavelmente, a única forma de adquirir proteção imediata pela transferência passiva de anticorpos contra o SARS-CoV-2.OBJETIVO: Analisar a eficácia da terapia de plasma convalescente para pacientes com COVID-19 grave.
MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Para realizar a coleta das informações, foram consideradas publicações no idioma inglês que abordassem o tema “Utilização de plasma convalescente na COVID grave” na plataforma MEDLINE (PubMed). Foram utilizadas as seguintes palavras chaves “convalescent plasma” e “severe COVID”.RESULTADOS: Os estudos divergem acerca da melhora dos pacientes com COVID grave com o uso do PC. A maioria dos autores afirma que o PC é uma terapia eficaz quando administrada, principalmente após o início dos sintomas gripais. Essa terapia pode prevenir a infecção e reduzir a gravidade clínica em casos de exposição recente ou ser utilizada no tratamento de pacientes com sintomas de gravidade variável. Porém, um ensaio clínico não observou melhora clínica significativa com a utilização de PC, provavelmente, devido ao encerramento precoce do tratamento. Dessa forma, os dados coletados foram insuficientes para se obter uma diferença clinicamente importante entre os grupos avaliados. Ressalta-se que os estudos avaliados tiveram o mesmo critério de inclusão para selecionar o plasma de doadores padronizado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde.CONCLUSÃO: A utilização da terapia com PC foi bem tolerada e observou-se melhoras nos sintomas clínicos (alívio da dispneia, normalização da temperatura e da saturação de oxigênio), nos parâmetros laboratoriais (redução da proteína C reativa e aumento da contagem de linfócitos) e radiológicos (diferentes graus de lesões pulmonares). Ademais, a terapia mostrou-se segura e eficaz em cenários da pandemia sem agentes antivirais eficazes ou vacinas disponíveis para a população.
Publicado
2021-04-24
Como Citar
Freitas, K. A., Falcão, I. L. D. C., Pereira, M. R. P., & Da Silva, S. F. R. (2021). UTILIZAÇÃO DO PLASMA CONVALESCENTE NOS CASOS GRAVES DE COVID-19. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 32. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/973
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