Introdução: Na forma grave de COVID-19 pode ocorrer infiltração maciça de neutrófilos no tecido pulmonar, com consequente liberação das NETs pelos neutrófilos, acarretando extenso danos às células epiteliais do pulmão. Objetivo: Compreender a relação entre as NETs e o estado hiperinflamatório induzido pelo SARS-CoV-2. Método: Revisão de literatura que incluiu estudos em língua inglesa e portuguesa, publicados no último ano, envolvendo a relação entre as NETs e a COVID-19, e indexados nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO. A estratégia de busca foi: “NETs and COVID-19”. Foram incluídos artigos que continham dados no título ou no resumo sobre essa associação e cujo acesso ao texto completo foi possível. Resultados: A literatura foi unânime em afirmar que há uma influência do processo de formação de NETs sobre a hiperinflamação observada na COVID-19. Em geral, o processo começa com a ativação de neutrófilos por receptores de reconhecimento de padrões. Porém, o próprio SARS-CoV-2 estimula diretamente os neutrófilos a liberar as NETs, que são redes extracelulares de filamentos de cromatina, cobertas de peptídeos e enzimas, como catepsina G, elastase e mieloperoxidase. Essa liberação destrói não somente o vírus, mas também o tecido ao redor, uma vez que a resposta é inespecífica. Este processo pode exacerbar o estado inflamatório e a desregulação da resposta imune, estimulando a produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e acarretando a síndrome respiratória aguda grave, principal causa de morte dos pacientes com COVID. Laboratorialmente, a presença de neutrofilia associada à linfopenia sugere um pior prognóstico. Tal perpetuação depende de fatores do próprio hospedeiro, como sexo masculino, idade avançada e presença de comorbidades, como obesidade, diabetes melitos, imunossupressão, entre outras. Conclusão: O mecanismo de defesa neutrofílico por meio da liberação de NETs pode ser uma “faca de dois gumes”, em que, por um lado, pode combater eficazmente a infecção, resultando na captura e morte dos vírus; mas, por outro, pode perpetuar o estado inflamatório com dano pulmonar e piora do prognóstico. Assim, a inibição de NETs representa um potencial alvo terapêutico para COVID-19.
Publicado
2021-04-24
Como Citar
Vieira, A. S. R., Pereira, G. L., Da Silva, S. L., & Da Silva, S. F. R. (2021). RELAÇÃO ENTRE AS ARMADILHAS EXTRACELULARES DE NEUTRÓFILOS (NETS) E A HIPERINFLAMAÇÃO INDUZIDA PELO SARS-COV-2: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 28. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/969
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