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v. 2 n. 2 (2021): Edição Especial: Anais de Eventos
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Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line
A ESCLEROSE MÚLTIPLA: UMA ABORDAGEM CLÍNICA E PATOLÓGICA
Autores
Natálya Estefanny Nóbrega De Souza Arruda
Eduarda Arduim Maia Porto
Kalyne Rayane De Paula Lins
Simone Arndt Kelm
Vivianne Gomes Pereira
Palavras-chave:
Autoimune, Esclerose Múltipla, Sistema Nervoso
Resumo
INTRODUÇÃO: A Esclerose Múltipla (EM) é uma doença autoimune, progressiva, desmielinizante, inflamatória crônica que afeta o Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC), levando a defeitos na condução da sinapse e causando graus variáveis de incapacidade física e cognitiva. Tende a acometer adultos jovens, em sua maioria mulheres. OBJETIVOS: O presente trabalho visa conceituar a EM, bem como, apresentar suas características epidemiológicas, clínicas, patológicas e sua sintomatologia. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) sobre o tema, nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS. RESULTADOS: Estudos mostram que a etiologia da Esclerose Múltipla ainda é desconhecida, entretanto, evidências sugerem que ela esteja relacionada a um evento multifatorial, como fatores genéticos, ambientais, estresse emocional e/ou psicológico. Ela acomete cerca de 2,5 milhões de pessoas no mundo, a incidência e a prevalência variam em termos de distribuição geográfica. A desmielinização,, leva a defeitos na condução da sinapse, acarretando déficits motores e sensitivos que podem durar dias ou semanas e serem total e parcialmente reversíveis. Surtos ou ataques agudos, normalmente, são as manifestações clínicas iniciais. Outrossim, a perda visual monocular devido à neurite óptica, visão dupla causada pela disfunção do tronco cerebral, perda sensorial causada pela mielite transversa e/ou ataxia por meio de uma lesão cerebral são os sintomas mais comuns. Há quatro formas clínicas da EM: forma Recorrente-Remitente (EMRR), sendo a mais comum da doença, caracterizada por episódios de exacerbação, provocados pela desmielinização e inflamação do SNC; forma Primariamente Progressiva (EMPP) não há ocorrência de surtos, mas existe acúmulo de sintomas ao longo do tempo; forma Secundariamente Progressiva (EMSP) sua confirmação se baseia no prolongamento dos sintomas após seis meses; forma Progressiva com Surtos (EMPS) possui início progressivo, posteriormente surtos bem definidos e evolução progressivo, é a mais rara entre as demais formas clínicas. É importante iniciar precocemente o tratamento, pois precoce reduz o risco de progressão da doença.CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se que a Esclerose Múltipla afeta principalmente adultos jovens, assim, é necessário discutir a reabilitação dos indivíduos e ficar atento aos sintomas iniciais da doença e sua evolução, para auxiliar em um melhor tratamento.
Como Citar
Arruda, N. E. N. D. S., Porto, E. A. M., Lins, K. R. D. P., Kelm, S. A., & Pereira, V. G. (2021). A ESCLEROSE MÚLTIPLA: UMA ABORDAGEM CLÍNICA E PATOLÓGICA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde , 2 (2), 57. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/999
Seção
Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line
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