INSTITUIÇÃO DOS IMUNOBIOLÓGICOS (EM DESTAQUE O TOCILIZUMABE) PARA TERAPÊUTICA DA ARTERITE DE CÉLULAS GIGANTES: UMA RECENTE PERSPECTIVA COM A FINALIDADE DE AUMENTAR DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DOS PACIENTES E REDUZIR OS ÍNDICES DE REFRATARIEDADE DA PATOLOGIA
ANTICORPO MONOCLONAL, ARTERITE DE CÉLULAS GIGANTES, IMUNOBIOLÓGICOS, TERAPÊUTICA
Resumo
Introdução: A Arterite de Células Gigantes (ACG) é a vasculite mais frequente entre a população feminina acima dos 50 anos. De caráter auto-imune e etiologia desconhecida, acredita-se na infiltração de linfócitos T, de modo que, o envelhecimento propicia sua instalação. O quadro clínico refere ao acometimento da artéria temporal, principalmente com cefaleia, polimialgia reumática, claudicação de mandíbula e a amaurose (complicação mais severa). Objetivo: explanar a respeito dos imunobiológicos na terapêutica da ACG e seu benefícios em comparação aos corticoides. Material e método: realizou-se uma revisão de literatura em artigos publicados nas bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual Em Saúde (BVS), Pubmed e Medline. Através do uso do operador booleano “AND”, artigos com o texto completo e os filtros aplicados foram: língua inglesa, portuguesa, Arterite de Células Gigantes e anticorpos monoclonais humanizados, sendo o assunto principal a terapêutica destinada a Arterite de Células Gigantes com imunobiológicos. Resultados: A primeira linha no tratamento da ACG são os corticoides (prednisona 40 a 60 mg/d). Casos refratários é indicado o metotrexato e o imunobiológico como tocilizumabe. Entretanto, estudos recentes evidenciaram que apesar da eficácia do corticoide, o uso indiscriminado em recidiva resulta em risco de efeitos adversos, tais como: osteoporose, fraturas, infecções secundárias, cataratas, glaucoma e diabetes; além de apresentar uma baixa eficácia sobre os componentes vasculares, acarretando em alta probabilidade de recidiva, sobretudo na redução gradual da dose. O metrotexato, por sua vez, obteve uma baixa eficácia em monoterapia; contrapondo-se com os resultados do tocilizumabe, anticorpo monoclonal que inibe competitivamente a ligação da IL-6 ao seu receptor impedindo a transdução do sinal da inflamação. Esse imunobiológico se destacou na reintegração da qualidade de vida do paciente, possibilitando a estabilização do quadro clínico, estagnação dos danos visuais e retirada das doses contínuas de corticoides, atuando na promoção de prognóstico melhor e na diminuição da exacerbação da doença. Conclusão: Apesar dos resultados encontrados e da constatação da eficácia do tocilizumabe na ACG, ainda não se sabe o tempo total para o uso do tocilizumabe. Tal fato é corroborado também pela etiologia desconhecida. Portanto, é possível inferir a necessidade de mais pesquisas nessa perspectiva.
Publicado
2021-04-22
Como Citar
Porto, E. A. M. ., DE SOUZA, . M. L. D. S., ARRUDA, . N. E. N. D. S. ., KELM, . S. A. ., & QUEIROGA, A. A. D. S. . (2021). INSTITUIÇÃO DOS IMUNOBIOLÓGICOS (EM DESTAQUE O TOCILIZUMABE) PARA TERAPÊUTICA DA ARTERITE DE CÉLULAS GIGANTES: UMA RECENTE PERSPECTIVA COM A FINALIDADE DE AUMENTAR DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DOS PACIENTES E REDUZIR OS ÍNDICES DE REFRATARIEDADE DA PATOLOGIA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 65. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1015
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