ASPECTOS IMUNOLÓGICOS DA ALERGIA À PROTEÍNA DO LEITE DE VACA MEDIADA POR IGE

Autores

  • Nicoly Ferreira Silva
  • Adriano Antônio Dos Anjos Lima Filha
  • Ana Carolina Medeiros Andrade
  • Júlia Diniz De Souza
  • Maria Do Socorro Viana Silva De Sá

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/983

Palavras-chave:

Colostro Bovino, Fatores Imunológicos, Hipersensibilidade A Leite

Resumo

Introdução: A alergia à proteína do leite de vaca (APLV) é uma hipersensibilidade alimentar documentada, majoritariamente, como  tipo I (IgE mediada) pela classificação de Gell e Coombs que aborda reações mediadas pelo sistema imune inato e pelo adaptativo. No Brasil, estudos demonstram que crianças com sintomas gastroenterológicos e suspeita de APLV têm prevalência de 5,4% e incidência de 2,2%, sendo essa a alergia alimentar mais comum abaixo de quatro anos de idade. Objetivo: Analisar publicações que abordam os aspectos imunológicos da hipersensibilidade ao leite de vaca mediada por IgE. Material e metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, realizada em março de 2021. Para a obtenção dos artigos científicos foi feito um cruzamento de informações advindas das bases de dados Pubmed, Uptodate, LILACS e MEDLINE. Adotou-se os seguintes critérios inclusivos: artigos de revisão sistemática e que foram publicados nos últimos 5 anos (2016-2021). Resultados: As reações alérgicas agudas comumente são respostas imunológicas IgE mediadas - relacionadas a um ou mais alérgenos presentes na composição proteica do leite bovino - sendo mais toleradas a partir dos três anos de idade. Entre os alérgenos, têm-se subtipos da caseína (alfa, beta e kappa), que compõe cerca de 80% do material proteico, e do soro do leite destacando os subtipos BLG (beta-lactoglobulina) e ALA (alfa-lactalbumina). Essas reações variam de sintomas leves a anafilaxia e acontecem até duas horas após exposição ao alérgeno a partir do lançamento de mediadores inflamatórios nos tecidos celulares - sendo a pele o local mais comumente acometido, além de recorrentes manifestações gastrointestinais. Conclusão: Uma vez que não há um único teste ou uma exata combinação de exames capazes de diagnosticar o quadro de APLV, apesar do destaque atribuído ao Teste de Provocação Oral (TPO), é necessária uma avaliação individualizada do paciente com sintomas para essa condição clínica. Deve-se realizar um planejamento nutricional que substitua os lacticínios e apenas reinseri-los na dieta em um momento oportuno, levando em consideração que essa condição tende a ser mais tolerada na idade escolar. Além disso, é essencial a orientação para o uso de epinefrina auto injetável, de modo a evitar reações anafiláticas graves.

Publicado

2021-04-24

Como Citar

Silva, N. F., Filha , A. A. D. A. L., Andrade , A. C. M., De Souza, J. D. ., & De Sá, M. D. S. V. S. (2021). ASPECTOS IMUNOLÓGICOS DA ALERGIA À PROTEÍNA DO LEITE DE VACA MEDIADA POR IGE. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 41. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/983

Edição

Seção

Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line

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