REAÇÃO ALÉRGICA AO VENENO DE HIMENÓPTEROS: UMA ABORDAGEM

Autores

  • Nefertite Augusta Guimarães De Oliveira
  • Citânia Cordeiro Da Nóbrega
  • Julia Diniz De Souza
  • Samara Rayssa Da Silva Mandú

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/953

Palavras-chave:

Alérgia, Anafiláxia, Himenópteros, Hipersensibilidade

Resumo

INTRODUÇÃO: As picadas de himenópteros podem provocar reações alérgicas sistêmicas graves e serem fatais aos indivíduos, principalmente, na população da zona rural. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os mecanismos e reações imunológicas presentes na picada de himenópteros diante de sua prevalência nas sociedades rurais. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema na biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS. RESULTADO: Estudos mostram que o veneno, após muitas exposições de picaduras de abelhas, pode induzir reações anafiláticas graves, pois indivíduos alérgicos desenvolvem anticorpos IgE contra o veneno de abelha ou vespídeo. Essas reações anafiláticas poderão necessitar, além da abordagem ambulatorial, de cuidados hospitalares e tratamento intensivo, visto que, as manifestações sistêmicas são reações de fase aguda, mediadas por IgE, pelo mecanismo de hipersensibilidade do tipo I. Diante disso, em pacientes previamente sensibilizados após novo contato com o alérgeno, ocorrerá degranulação de mastócitos e basófilos, com liberação da histamina, prostaglandinas e leucotrienos. Em que, na pele manifesta-se por desconforto, dor, edema e vermelhidão no local. As reações sistêmicas ou anafiláticas acometem em geral a pele e mais um órgão, em geral dos sistemas respiratório e cardiovascular. É importante ressaltar que para o desenvolvimento de uma reação sistêmica grave ao veneno de himenóptero, existem vários fatores de risco: idade; tempo decorrido entre duas picadas; doenças cardiovasculares; uso de medicamentos, que reduzam a eficácia da adrenalina durante o tratamento da anafilaxia; e que podem agravar a hipotensão que ocorre durante a anafilaxia. Essas reações são a expressão máxima da gravidade clínica com ameaça à vida do paciente. Acontecem poucos minutos após a picada e quanto mais rápida o início da reação, mais grave sua evolução. CONCLUSÃO: A alergia ao veneno de himenópteros é uma causa importante de anafilaxia, podendo ser responsável por até um terço dos episódios de anafilaxia tratados nos serviços de urgência e pode ser fatal. É importante que se tenha mais estudos sobre o tema implicando-se uma orientação diagnóstica e terapêutica específica, para reduzir a morbilidade e mortalidade potencialmente associadas.

Publicado

2021-04-24

Como Citar

De Oliveira, N. A. G., Da Nóbrega , C. C., De Souza, J. D. ., & Mandú, S. R. D. S. (2021). REAÇÃO ALÉRGICA AO VENENO DE HIMENÓPTEROS: UMA ABORDAGEM. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 13. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/953

Edição

v. 2 n. 2 (2021): Edição Especial: Anais de Eventos

Seção

Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line

Licença

Creative Commons License
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

O conteúdo desta revista foi migrado para https://editoraintegrar.com.br

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Dispatcher.dispatch(Object:Request) % line  281, file: PKPApplication.inc.php
PKPApplication.execute() % line   68, file: index.php

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