MECANISMO DE DEFESA DO SISTEMA IMUNOLÓGICO CONTRA ÀS SUPERBACTÉRIAS.

Maria Carolina Raiol Da Silva; Daniel Vitor Da Silva Monteiro; Daniele De Lima  Dos Santos; Ediberto  Nunes; Jaqueline Salim Brabo

doi:10.51161/rems/945

MECANISMO DE DEFESA DO SISTEMA IMUNOLÓGICO CONTRA ÀS SUPERBACTÉRIAS.

Autores

Maria Carolina Raiol Da Silva
Daniel Vitor Da Silva Monteiro
Daniele De Lima Dos Santos
Ediberto Nunes
Jaqueline Salim Brabo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/945

Palavras-chave:

Adaptive Immunity, Defesas Imunológicas, Imunidade Inata, Immune System E Sistema Imunológico

Resumo

Introdução: As bactérias apresentam uma série de mecanismos químicos que lhes garantem resistência a condições extremas do ambiente. Frente a sérios danos que podem ser causados, vê-se a importância do sistema imunológico na defesa e combate aos agentes agressores. Objetivo: Caracterizar as principais células envolvidas no mecanismo de defesa do sistema imunológico contra superbactérias. Material e métodos: As buscas foram realizadas em bases de dados bibliográficas — SciELO, BIREME, LILACS, livros de Imunologia e Patologia. Incluiu-se artigos do período de janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2019, com delineamento experimental ou observacional, em Inglês, Português e Espanhol. Resultados: O sistema complemento atua na destruição de microrganismos infecciosos, caracterizando-se por apresentar três vias, a clássica, a lectina de ligação à manana (MBL) e a via alternativa. Os neutrófilos geram fibras extracelulares, chamadas de “neutrophil extracellular traps” (NETs), caracterizando uma nova estratégia de remoção de patógenos (bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas). Por meio da liberação de proteínas com atividade microbicida, os macrófagos podem destruir esses micro-organismos. Alguns micro-organismos podem ser resistentes à ação microbicida, assim, os macrófagos tornam-se grandes e multinucleados, impedindo a disseminação do patógeno. Preparados para lançar EETs em resposta a um produto bacteriano, os eosinófilos, demonstraram que ocorre morte de 90% das bactérias inoculadas, por um mecanismo independente da fagocitose. Além disso, eosinófilos intestinais e deposição de DNA extracelular, permitiram proteção contra sepse microbiana. Os linfócitos B são os responsáveis por produzir os anticorpos, porém os anticorpos não penetram nas células hospedeiras, a defesa primária contra o patógeno no citosol é o linfócito T citotóxico. Os TCLs são uma subdivisão de linfócitos T que irão expressam um tipo de antígeno nas suas superfícies chamado CD8. Reconhecem antígenos do patógeno e matam pela indução de apoptose, impedindo que a infecção se espalhe. Conclusão: Todos os mecanismos de defesas apresentados, trabalham para eliminar o patógeno. E através da revisão bibliográfica, é possível entender como o organismo age na presença desses microrganismos, assim, identificar quando há uma resistência dos patógenos, principalmente a das superbactérias, que estão cada vez mais resistentes.

Publicado

2021-04-24

Como Citar

Da Silva, M. C. R., Monteiro , D. V. D. S., Dos Santos, D. D. L. ., Nunes, E. ., & Brabo, J. S. (2021). MECANISMO DE DEFESA DO SISTEMA IMUNOLÓGICO CONTRA ÀS SUPERBACTÉRIAS. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 06. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/945

Baixar Citação

Edição

v. 2 n. 2 (2021): Edição Especial: Anais de Eventos

Seção

Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line

Licença

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

O conteúdo desta revista foi migrado para https://editoraintegrar.com.br

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Dispatcher.dispatch(Object:Request) % line  281, file: PKPApplication.inc.php
PKPApplication.execute() % line   68, file: index.php

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