Introdução: A resistência vascular das artérias coronárias influencia diretamente no nível de perfusão sanguínea do músculo cardíaco. Seu aumento pode causar interrupção do fluxo arterial e ocasionar doenças isquêmicas do coração, das quais, a aterosclerose se destaca. O público feminino está especialmente vulnerável a essas patologias, principalmente pela presença de fatores de risco adicionais, como, a progressiva diminuição dos níveis de estrogênio no período climatérico. Visto que tal conjuntura determina um comprometimento da qualidade e expectativa de vida desses indivíduos, é imprescindível que essa relação seja verificada, a fim de proporcionar um melhor prognóstico e tratamento para os mesmos. Objetivo: Analisar como a diminuição do estrogênio na fase climatérica contribui para a isquemia miocárdica. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, cujas plataformas de busca foram PUBMED e Scielo. Foram selecionados um total de 28 artigos utilizando-se as palavras-chaves: artérias coronárias, endotélio, estrogênio e isquemia miocárdica. Os critérios de escolha basearam-se no ano mais recente da publicação, bem como uma maior adequação ao tema abordado. Resultados: De acordo com os artigos analisados, observou-se que o estrogênio possui efeito positivo sobre as artérias coronárias, a partir de mecanismos não genômicos e genômicos - refletindo em benefícios a curto e longo prazo, respectivamente. Inicialmente, esse hormônio promove a vasodilatação das coronárias, estimulando a síntese e bioatividade do óxido nítrico. Além disso, combina-se ainda à proteção do endotélio contra as placas de ateroma, inibição de vasoconstrição por endotelina e diminuição da atividade simpática. Os benefícios a longo prazo, por sua vez, caracterizam-se, principalmente, pelo aumento da expressão de proteínas contráteis no miocárdio e efeitos sobre o processo de ateromatose. Conclusão: Após a análise das informações levantadas, observou-se que as mulheres no período climatérico, ao perderem a proteção estrogênica outrora presente, tornam-se mais vulneráveis a doenças isquêmicas do coração, muitas delas como consequência do processo aterosclerótico. Junto a essa notável variável, o “bioenvelhecimento” e outros fatores de risco presentes nessa faixa etária, culminam numa menor expectativa de vida desse público. Portanto, torna-se imperioso que medidas de prevenção e promoção da saúde sejam utilizadas precocemente nesse contexto, a fim de mitigar tal problemática.
Publicado
2021-12-21
Como Citar
Lima, J. P. ., Dias, A. B. ., Morais, V. N. E. de ., Lima, L. L. M. O. M. R. D. A. ., & Souza, L. F. B. . (2021). O BAIXO NÍVEL DE ESTROGÊNIO COMO FATOR DE RISCO ADICIONAL PARA A ISQUEMIA MIOCÁRDICA EM MULHERES CLIMATÉRICAS. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 171. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2936
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