HISTOPATOLOGIA DAS NEOPLASIAS INTRAEPITELIAIS CERVICAIS ASSOCIADAS AO PAPILOMAVÍRUS HUMANO

Maria Fernanda Brandão; Larissa Dayelle  Osternack; Samya Hamad  Mehanna

doi:10.51161/rems/2723

HISTOPATOLOGIA DAS NEOPLASIAS INTRAEPITELIAIS CERVICAIS ASSOCIADAS AO PAPILOMAVÍRUS HUMANO

Autores

Maria Fernanda Brandão
Larissa Dayelle Osternack
Samya Hamad Mehanna

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2723

Palavras-chave:

DISPLASIA DO COLO DO ÚTERO, DOENÇAS DO COLO DO ÚTERO, INFECÇÕES POR PAPILLOMAVIRUS, LESÕES INTRAEPITELIAIS ESCAMOSAS CERVICAIS, NEOPLASIAS DO COLO DO ÚTERO

Resumo

Introdução: Neoplasias intraepiteliais cervicais (NICs) são lesões precursoras do carcinoma de células escamosas no colo uterino, categorizadas segundo a proporção epitelial afetada: baixo grau (NIC I), grau moderado (NIC II) e alto grau (NIC III), a última correspondendo ao carcinoma in situ. Infecções persistentes de subtipos oncogênicos de alto risco do papilomavírus humano (HPV) podem levar ao desenvolvimento das NICs, com potencial de progressão para câncer invasivo entre 10 e 20 anos. Objetivos: Descrever a histologia cervical, relacionada ao surgimento das NICs decorrentes da infecção pelo HPV. Material e Métodos: Pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases Pubmed e Scielo, utilizando descritores: “cervical cancer”, “cervical intraepithelial neoplasms” e “human papilloma virus”. Foram utilizados Robbins Patologia Básica 9ª Ed.; Junqueira e Carneiro Histologia Básica 12ª Ed. Resultados: A histologia do colo do útero apresenta poucas artérias espiraladas e grandes glândulas ramificadas, não sofre alterações significativas de espessura durante ciclos menstruais e possui três componentes. A ectocérvix se projeta para a vagina e possui epitélio estratificado pavimentoso não queratinizado. A endocérvix é revestida por tecido epitelial glandular colunar simples. Entre as duas regiões está a junção escamocolunar (JEC), ponto de mudança abrupta entre os epitélios. Após ectrópio, a JEC sofre metaplasia escamosa devido à irritação causada pela acidez vaginal, gerando a zona de transformação (ZT). Células-tronco de reserva sustentam a JEC, conduzem a metaplasia e são mais suscetíveis à infecção pelo HPV. A patogênese pelo HPV abrange infecção inicial na JEC que, se persistente, possibilita integração do genoma viral ao do hospedeiro. A expressão das oncoproteínas virais E6 e E7, somada à desregulação do ciclo celular, promove o desenvolvimento de displasia. A invasão do epitélio por subtipos de alto risco do HPV (16 e 18) é o principal fator no desenvolvimento das NICs e cânceres cervicais, seja escamoso ou adenocarcinoma. Ainda, condições genéticas, alimentares e ambientais são fatores de risco para desenvolvimento das NICs. A prevalência de HPV nos carcinomas cervicais pode alcançar 99,7%. Conclusão: As características morfológicas encontradas no colo uterino explicam sua relação com a infecção pelo HPV. Assim, destaca-se a importância do estudo desta histologia, possibilitando a compreensão da fisiopatogenia da doença.

Publicado

2021-12-13

Como Citar

Brandão, M. F., Osternack, L. D. ., & Mehanna, S. H. . (2021). HISTOPATOLOGIA DAS NEOPLASIAS INTRAEPITELIAIS CERVICAIS ASSOCIADAS AO PAPILOMAVÍRUS HUMANO. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 15. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2723

Baixar Citação

Edição

v. 2 n. 4 (2021)

Seção

I Congresso On-line Nacional de Histologia e Embriologia Humana

Licença

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

O conteúdo desta revista foi migrado para https://editoraintegrar.com.br

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