Introdução: Mundialmente, o câncer de mama é o mais prevalente e letal nas mulheres. O tipo histológico mais comum é o carcinoma ductal (75%), seguido do lobular (15%) e demais subtipos especiais. As diferenças histopatológicas encontradas são essenciais na progressão e prognóstico da neoplasia. Objetivo: Revisar a histologia mamária correlacionando-a aos principais tipos de câncer de mama. Metodologia: Realizada pesquisa bibliográfica em livros da área. Utilizou-se as plataformas de dados Scielo e Pubmed, com descritores “breast cancer” e “epidemiology”, somado ao operador booleano “and”. Ademais, analisou-se os boletins nacionais epidemiológicos sobre câncer de mama (INCA, 2020). Resultados: A mama é composta por glândulas mamárias exócrinas que possuem de 15-25 lóbulos, cercadas por tecidos conjuntivo denso e adiposo. Os lóbulos são compostos por ácinos (secretor) e ductos intralobulares (excretor), revestidos por epitélio simples cúbico ou colunar, envoltos por células epiteliais basais e luminais internamente e mioepiteliais externamente. Alterações ocorridas no epitélio mamário podem originar carcinomas, representando 95% dos casos de câncer de mama. São chamados “in situ” quando não ultrapassam a membrana basal do tecido (células mioepiteliais preservadas), já os invasivos infiltram o estroma adjacente. Podemos categorizá-los em: ductal, lobular e tipos especiais, sendo o primeiro mais prevalente. O carcinoma ductal in situ (CDIS) apresenta crescimento para dentro do lúmen do ducto e forma calcificações intraluminais detectáveis em mamografias. Histologicamente, vale destacar a variante comedocarcinomas que contem área de necrose central e núcleos pleomórficos. Tornando-se invasivo, formam ninhos infiltrativos de células atípicas heterogêneas e importante resposta desmoplásica, onde o tecido adiposo substituído por massa dura e palpável de bordos irregulares. No carcinoma lobular in situ (CLIS), há preservação da forma lobular, contendo núcleos ovais ou arredondados, raramente com área necrótica, não formando calcificações. Já no infiltrativo, as células morfologicamente idênticas ao CLIS invadem o estroma individualmente formando correntes de “células isoladas” fracamente coesivas devido a mutações na atividade da E-caderina. Conclusão: Conhecer a histologia mamária facilita o reconhecimento dos diferentes carcinomas mamários, direcionando a suspeita clínica quanto aos possíveis padrões de metástase e/ou resposta ao tratamento.
Publicado
2021-12-13
Como Citar
Luz, A. A. da, Monteiro, H. D. ., Comerlato, Y. M. ., Julião, R. C. ., & Mehanna, S. H. . (2021). ALTERAÇÕES HISTOPATOLÓGICAS DO CÂNCER DE MAMA . Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 14. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2722
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Dispatcher.dispatch(Object:Request) % line 281, file: PKPApplication.inc.php
PKPApplication.execute() % line 68, file: index.php
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