ACE2, COVID-19, SARS-COV-2, SISTEMA GASTROINTESTINAL
Resumo
Introdução: Acreditava-se que a infecção por SARS-Cov-2 restringia-se apenas ao sistema respiratório. No entanto, estudos revelaram que pode afetar vários outros sistemas, como o gastrointestinal. Essa capacidade de afetar vários órgãos se deve à presença do receptor enzima conversora de angiotensina 2(ACE2), expresso principalmente na borda em escova dos enterócitos intestinais, juntamente com as células ciliadas e as células epiteliais alveolares do tipo II nos pulmões. Apesar da via mais comum de transmissão ser pelo trato respiratório, a capacidade de acometer o trato digestivo releva que o vírus também pode sofrer transmissão fecal-oral. Objetivos: Discorrer sobre os mecanismos fisiopatológicos de invasão do SARS-CoV-2 através do trato gastrointestinal. Material e métodos: Para atingir o objetivo, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa, de caráter exploratória e descritiva, executada mediante a investigação das bases de dados: Scielo e PubMed. Tal revisão encontrou três trabalhos, por meio dos descritores ACE2, COVID-19, SARS-COV-2 e sistema gastrointestinal, que possibilitaram a compreensão dos mecanismos de infecção. Resultado: Os receptores de ACE2, possibilitam que o hospedeiro seja potencialmente acessível à infecção por COVID-19. Com isso, o vírus é capaz de assumir a maquinaria da célula para se replicar e invadir novas células. Como consequência, o sistema imunológico libera mediadores inflamatórios os quais são responsáveis por uma tempestade de citocinas, aumentando a permeabilidade pulmonar, de modo que o vírus, junto com os mediadores inflamatórios via circulação, migre para o intestino. Dessa forma, o SARS-Cov-2 é capaz de afetar a composição microbiana e o sistema imunológico do hospedeiro, os mediadores inflamatórios interrompem a permeabilidade intestinal, levando ao escape de microrganismo intestinais e metabólitos associados para circulação acarretando migração para outros órgãos, incluindo pulmões, produzindo anormalidades. Ademais, ocorre disbiose microbiana devido ao quadro de diarreia como principal sintoma gastrointestinal. Conclusão: Os sintomas gastrointestinais de pacientes com COVID-19 são significativos e não devem ser ignorados, sendo necessário atenção aos casos com diarreia, náuseas, vômitos e dor abdominal. Além disso, casos de detecção viral e persistente a longo prazo em amostrar fecais corroboram para via oral-fecal de transmissão destacando a importância de medidas preventivas como higienização adequada das mãos e cuidados ao utilizar banheiros públicos.
Publicado
2021-10-08
Como Citar
Araújo, A. G. de ., Guimarães, A. C. S. ., & Palú, I. D. A. . (2021). MECANISMOS FISIOPATOLÓGICOS DE INVASÃO DO SARS-COV-2 ATRAVÉS DO TRATO GASTROINTESTINAL. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 89. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2233
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