Introdução: A vasta disposição territorial do plasmódio, parasito causador da malária, ao redor do mundo faz do parasitismo durante a gestação, um grave problema de saúde pública, na qual as gestantes são em particular, vulneráveis ao parasito pela gestação modificar a imunidade, deixando assim a gestante com maior suscetibilidade à contaminação malárica. Objetivo: Elencar os aspectos imunológicos contra a malária, em particular nas gestantes. Material e métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura disponível, sendo selecionados artigos nas bases de dados SciELO, PUBMED e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), dos últimos 10 anos, utilizando os descritores “malária gestacional” e “aspectos imunológicos na malária”, com artigos em português, empregando critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente definidos. Resultados: A literatura empregada possibilitou observar a frequência dos casos de malária em mulheres grávidas, na qual confere mudanças na evolução gestacional, causando complicações como hipoglicemias, aborto, parto prematuro, dentre outros. Devido a alteração na imunidade da gestante, a mesma tem uma maior suscetibilidade à infecção, bem como, complicações como a anemia grave e óbito materno, pois diminui a imunidade protetora ao parasito. A defesa contra a malária abrange as respostas celular e humoral, em que linfócitos T são imprescindíveis para estruturação da síntese de anticorpos, o que diminui a suscetibilidade do hospedeiro aos impactos feitos pelos plasmódios, enquanto os linfócitos B secretam anticorpos antimaláricos. Ao longo da sua permanência no sangue, é induzido pelos esporozoítos, uma resposta com produção de anticorpos contra antígenos, na qual a hipergamaglobulinemia se destaca na infecção pelo parasito, por caracterizar um aumento de IgG e IgM. A resposta imune ocorre convenientemente no ciclo eritrocítico, conferindo efetivamente uma resposta contra o parasito. É importante relatar que no baço, fígado e medula óssea acontece o principal mecanismo de combate do organismo, com a fagocitose de merozoítas e eritrócitos parasitados. Conclusão: Existe uma íntima relação entre gestantes e malária devido alteração do seu estado imune, onde essa situação pode ser regulada pela resposta celular ou humoral, sintetizando anticorpos e induzindo mecanismos para combater o parasito, através de linfócitos B e T.
Publicado
2021-09-11
Como Citar
Barbosa , L. L., Cunha, G. D. S. ., & Souza, J. F. D. S. . (2021). MALÁRIA DURANTE A GESTAÇÃO E ASPECTOS IMUNOLÓGICOS DO HOSPEDEIRO. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(1), 104. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1963
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