Introdução: O metotrexato é uma droga antineoplásica classificada como antimetabólito, estruturalmente análogo ao ácido fólico, o MTX inibe uma enzima (diidrofolato-redutase), que é responsável por transformar a forma inativa do ácido fólico (diidrofolato) em forma ativa (tetraidrofolato). A forma ativa é utilizada na produção de nucleotídeos purinas. As purinas são essenciais para a replicação do DNA da célula. Portanto, o MTX inibe a produção dos nucleotídeos purinas o que impossibilita a replicação do DNA da célula, interrompendo o crescimento celular. Objetivo: Enfatizar a veracidade do uso do MTX nos diversos tipos de câncer bem como comprovar seu efeito benéfico no tratamento farmacológico. Metodologia: Estudo embasado em dados da revisão sistemática da literatura provida das bases de dados Medline e Science Direct, PubMed (National Library of Medicine) e SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) no período entre janeiro e maio de 2021. As palavras-chave utilizadas foram “Antineoplásicos”, “Câncer”, “Metotrexato” e “Quimioterápicos”. Resultados: A quimioterapia antineoplásica com o MTX é amplamente utilizada no tratamento de vários cânceres. Esse tratamento é utilizado em doses o mais próximo possível das doses máximas individuais toleradas e devem ser administrados com a maior frequência possível para desestimular o novo crescimento do tumor. Dentre os cânceres que abrange o uso do metotrexato são: Câncer de mama, leucemia linfoblástica, sarcoma, bexiga, cabeça e pescoço, leucemia aguda, linfoma não Hodgkins, neoplasias trofoblásticas gestacionais etc. Conclusão: Desse modo o MTX atua como bloqueador da duplicação celular, impedindo o crescimento tumoral, assim como o surgimento de metástases nas doenças oncológicas e portanto diminuindo o risco de morte pela doença. O paciente deve ser informado sobre os riscos envolvidos e estar sob a supervisão constante do médico, onde o mesmo tem por obrigação enfatizar sobre as possibilidades de reações tóxicas sérias bem como a toxicidade do medicamento em questão.
Publicado
2021-07-28
Como Citar
Apolinário , J. M. dos S. da S. . (2021). MTX - METOTREXATO E SEU AMPLO USO NA QUIMIOTERAPIA ANTINEOPLÁSICA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(3), 24. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1552
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