Introdução: As infecções por herpesvírus humanos conduzem a uma ampla sintomatologia. Desse modo, caracterizam-se princialmente pelo estabelecimento de uma infecção latente nas células nervosas, com a possibilidade de reativação por estímulos biológicos, psicológicos ou ambientais. Essas infecções são bastante importantes em indivíduos imunodeprimidos sejam eles acometidos pelo vírus HIV, algumas neoplasias, pacientes em tratamentos com quimioterápicos dentre outros comprometimentos. De acordo com a evolução da patologia os sintomas podem até provocar a morte. As grávidas por sua vez tendem a desenvolver a infecção com mais facilidade, uma vez que pode ser transmitida para o feto (transmissão vertical). Objetivo: Investigar e comprovar a virologia do Herpes zoster em relação à clínica e abordagem farmacoterapêutica. Metodologia: A realização deste estudo foi embasada em pesquisas de abordagem qualitativa e descritiva, quanto aos procedimentos, revisão bibliográfica ou método de revisão integrativa da literatura. Os dados foram coletados nas bases de dados SciELO, BDENF, LILACS e MEDLINE. A seleção dos artigos obedeceu aos critérios que abordassem o tema em questão com recorte temporal de 2015 a 2021. Resultados: Estudo comprovam que o tratamento farmacológico do Herpes zoster inclui dois aspéctos básicos principais: O uso de antiretrovirais e a diminuição da sintomatologia da dor. O aciclovir é o medicamento antivral de primeira escolha, seguida de fanciclovir e valaciclovir estes possuem uma posologia de melhor adesão pelo paciente, porém uma desvantagem é seu custo elevado, o que acaba dificultando o processo de tratamento da doença. Conclusão: A posologia em geral tem duração de sete dias, as doses iniciais recomendadas são: Aciclovir 800 mg, cinco vezes ao dia; Valaciclovir 1000 mg, três vezes ao dia; Fanciclovir 500 mg, três vezes ao dia. Para o manejo da neurite aguda, pode-se fazer uso de paracetamol, dipirona ou anti-inflamatórios não-esteroides. No caso de dor moderada a grave, pode-se associar analgésicos opióides, como codeína ou tramadol, também é possível utilizar pomadas e cremes específicos para este fim, no entanto vale salientar que a aplicação desses medicamentos deve ser sempre realizada com espátulas ou cotonetes, para evitar o contágio e a propagação do vírus.
Publicado
2021-07-28
Como Citar
Apolinário , J. M. dos S. da S. . (2021). VIROLOGIA DO HERPES ZOSTER ABORDAGEM CLÍNICA E FARMACOTERAPÊUTICA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(3), 33. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1435
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