ALZHEIMER E SUAS BASES FISIOPATOLÓGICAS

Autores

  • Luisy Karen Lemos Costa
  • Caio Marques Da Silva
  • Bárbara Monique De Freitas Vasconcelo
  • Fernanda Fonsêca Monteiro Freire
  • Juliana Minervina De Souza Freire

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1505

Palavras-chave:

DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER, FISIOPATOLOGIA ALZHEIMER, SINAIS E SINTOMAS DO ALZHEIMER

Resumo

Introdução: A doença do Alzheimer (DA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa crônica, na qual causa deterioração cognitiva de forma progressiva. O processo fisiopatológico e os sintomas são ocasionados em virtude da morte das células nervosas e perda de tecido em todo o cérebro, isso se dá devido ao mal funcionamento das proteínas Beta-amiloide e Tau. Objetivos: Compreender a fisiopatologia associada a doença de Alzheimer. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura integrativa usando os bancos de dados Revista Brasileira de Neurologia e Scielo, aplicando os descritores “Doença de Alzheimer”; “Fisiopatologia Alzheimer” e “Sinais e sintomas do Alzheimer”. Usou-se como critério de inclusão os artigos em inglês e português que estivessem no período entre os anos de 2015 a 2021. Resultados: O acúmulo das proteínas Beta-amiloide e Tau, forma placas e emaranhados em regiões específicas do cérebro que inibem as sinapses neuronais necessárias para o funcionamento do sistema nervoso central. A localização dessas proteínas, determinam os sinais e sintomas da Doença de Alzheimer, ocasionando lesões permanentes a nível celular, como a degeneração neurofibrilar que condiz ao espessamento e tortuosidade nas células neurofibrilas localizadas no pericário neuronal, podendo alterar os constituintes celulares gerais. As proteínas beta-amiloide estão relacionadas no auxílio do sistema imunológico nervoso central, que atuam na captura de microrganismos que passagem pela barreira hematoencefálica, a forma deficiente desta proteína ocasiona inúmeras alterações nas células nervosas, principalmente a destruição dos dendritos que são as projeções comunicantes nos neurônios. Em células nervosas saudáveis, a proteína tau contribui na formação e estabilização dos microtúbulos, os quais são fundamentais para a comunicação entre os neurônios. Nos pacientes com a doença de Alzheimer a proteína tau para de funcionar corretamente, pois separa-se dos microtúbulos e criam formas desorganizadas que irão obstruir os microtúbulos. Conclusão: Diante das inibições de sinapses neuronais, as células cerebrais se degeneram e morrem, gerando perda de memória e algumas funções mentais. Além de ser uma doença degenerativa tão invasiva, é necessário promover uma melhor qualidade de vida para os pacientes, um esforço conjunto entre a família e os profissionais da saúde, como fisioterapeuta, fonoaudiólogo, psicólogo, nutricionista, terapeuta ocupacional, entre outros.

Publicado

2021-07-28

Como Citar

Costa, L. K. L., Silva, C. M. D. ., Vasconcelo, B. M. D. F., Freire, F. F. M. ., & Freire, J. M. D. S. (2021). ALZHEIMER E SUAS BASES FISIOPATOLÓGICAS. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(3), 93. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1505

Edição

Seção

II Congresso Brasileiro de Saúde On-line
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Dispatcher.dispatch(Object:Request) % line  281, file: PKPApplication.inc.php
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Dispatcher.dispatch(Object:Request) % line  281, file: PKPApplication.inc.php
PKPApplication.execute() % line   68, file: index.php

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