Introdução: A Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva (API), ocasionada pelo fungo Aspergillus spp, é uma doença de elevada morbimortalidade em pacientes com comprometimento do sistema imunológico. Estudos têm mostrado o risco de pacientes com COVID-19 desenvolver coinfecção por Aspergillus spp. Objetivos: Avaliar a consequência da infecção pelo Aspergillusspp na COVID-19. Material e métodos: Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico do período de 2020 e 2021 na base de dados da PubMed. Utilizou-se as palavras-chave “Aspergillus” e “COVID-19”. Foram selecionados 5 artigos que abordaram o tema de forma satisfatória. Resultados: O relato de coinfecções na COVID-19 por bactérias e fungos tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente e aumentado a preocupação dos pesquisadores no mundo. A coinfecção por Aspergillusspp é um fator de risco que dificulta o diagnóstico, prognóstico, tratamento, agrava os sintomas e eleva a taxa de mortalidade de pacientes com COVID-19 grave. A coinfecção por Aspergillus, com consequente desenvolvimento de API, foi associada a casos de COVID-19 grave. Dos pacientes (5%) que evoluíram para a COVID-19 grave e necessitaram de cuidados intensivos, 19% a 34% deles desenvolveram API. Acredita-se que a COVID-19 aumenta a susceptibilidade da infecção por Aspergillus spp devido: ao excesso de antibióticos usado no seu tratamento; a imunomodulação do sistema imune; uso de Tocilizumab®; da hiperinflamação e da tempestade de citocinas; a ativação dos linfócitos Th2; níveis séricos elevados de IL-6 e IL-10; e diminuição da resposta via linfócito Th1. A coinfecção por Aspergillusspp pode influenciar no grau de inflamação sistêmica e na progressão e prognóstico da COVID-19, com consequente aumento de cuidados intensivos, de óbitos ou estender o tempo de internação e cura da COVID-19. Além disso, a coinfecção e o uso prolongado de antibióticos no tratamento da COVID-19 podem alterar a homeostase intestinal, intensificando a infecção, pois o desequilíbrio da microbiota, nos casos de infecções fúngicas, podem provocar alterações intestinais por até 12 dias após a não identificação do SARS-CoV-2 na nasofaringe. Conclusão: A API apresenta relevância clínica no contexto pandêmico atual devido a sua alta morbimortalidade na COVID-19 grave. Faz-se necessário mais estudos sobre a sua fisiopatologia que minimizem o agravamento da COVID-19.
Publicado
2021-06-11
Como Citar
Cavalcanti, P. Q. A. ., Lima, G. R. P., Coutinho, B. V. L., Sena, I. L. G. D., & Silva, S. F. R. D. (2021). COVID-19 E COINFECÇÃO POR ASPERGILLUS SPP: UMA REVISÃO LITERÁRIA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 05. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1162
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