Bacilo De Calmette-guérin, Bacilo De Hansen, Hanseníase, Lepra, Vacina Bcg
Resumo
INTRODUÇÃO: A hanseníase é uma doença com grande prevalência na população brasileira. Causada pelo bacilo Mycobacterium leprae, atinge principalmente o tecido epitelial e nervoso periférico. Atualmente é realizada vacina do bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG), em dose única, em pessoas que tiveram contato com doentes como medida profilática. A imunização para BCG, bacilos atenuados que causam a tuberculose, pode produzir imunidade, ainda que não específica, às pessoas expostas ao M. leprae. Esse imunizante é aplicado no Brasil desde 1927, sendo introduzido nos hospitais para aplicação em neonatos ainda na maternidade, em 2019. OBJETIVOS: Determinar a incidência de novos casos de Hanseníase na população brasileira bem como a cobertura vacinal do BCG num período de 7 anos. METODOLOGIA: Foram coletados dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) acerca dos registros de diagnóstico de Hanseníase em indivíduos de ambos os sexos e dados da vacinação de BCG-Hanseníase de 2013 a 2019. Também foram avaliados dados do boletim epidemiológico de Hanseníase na sua última edição (2021). RESULTADOS: As notificações de hanseníase no Brasil no período estudado, somam 250614, média de 35802 casos/ano, sem padrão de variação. O ano de 2014 teve maior número de registros, 38421, e 2016 o menor, 32190. A taxa média de redução de casos é de 1.38% ao ano, entretanto, apenas três anos do estudo apresentaram redução absoluta dos registros, 2015, 2016 e 2018. Quanto à vacinação de BCG profilática, foram aplicadas 348156 imunizações no período, porém existe grave padrão de redução, em que 97329 doses foram aplicadas em 2013 e apenas 18246 em 2019, uma redução de 81.25%. CONCLUSÃO: Contrariando o aumento de casos de hanseníase no país, o número de doses de BCG aplicadas aos expostos à doença, apresenta redução importante, o que pode ser atribuído à baixa notificação de contatos ou baixa adesão a vacinas. Entretanto pode-se apontar maior rapidez no diagnóstico, logo, menor número de contatos que requeiram profilaxia. De todo modo, a incidência da doença ainda apresenta números preocupantes, enquanto a cobertura vacinal reduz vertiginosamente. Necessita-se estudos mais complexos acerca dessa relação, a fim de estabelecer maiores conclusões.
Publicado
2021-04-22
Como Citar
Contin, V. P. ., De Moura, G. V. ., Bigolin, L. D. L., Wrague, K. M., & Leusin, V. B. (2021). INCIDÊNCIA DE CASOS DE HANSENÍASE E A COBERTURA VACINAL DO BCG: CAMINHOS OPOSTOS NO BRASIL. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 68. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1023
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