A INFLUÊNCIA DO TIPO DE PARTO NA CONSTITUIÇÃO DA FLORA DO TRATO GASTROINTESTINAL E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 1 NA INFÂNCIA E ADOLESCÊNCIA.
Colonization Of The Gastrointestinal Tract, Kids, Teenagers, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Type Of Delivery
Resumo
Introdução: Frente ao grande aumento do número de cesarianas, que atualmente são o procedimento cirúrgico mais realizado em mulheres em idade fértil, e considerando que, praticamente 1 a cada 5 mulheres no mundo agora darão à luz por cesárea, urge a necessidade de compreender suas implicações para a saúde da criança. Nesse sentido, acredita-se que o modo de parto influencie o desenvolvimento do sistema imunológico, inclusive por meio da colonização do trato gastrointestinal, e objetiva-se verificar a possibilidade de que uma eventual disbiose nessa colonização inicial, possa resultar em um aumento nas doenças imunomediadas, tais como o diabetes tipo 1, em crianças e adolescentes, considerando o aumento de sua incidência nos menores de 15 anos ao decorrer das últimas décadas. Objetivos: Verificar a influência do tipo de parto na constituição da flora gastrointestinal e sua possível correlação com a manifestação do diabetes mellitus tipo 1 na infância e adolescência. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, cuja busca foi realizada na base de dados do Google Acadêmico, utilizando as palavras-chave, Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract; Kids; Teenagers; Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Type of delivery, no período de 2000 à 2020. Já, os critérios de exclusão, levaram em consideração aqueles artigos que, após a leitura, não atendiam ao objetivo, restando 14 artigos. Resultados: Os recém-nascidos por cesárea e por via vaginal, são colonizados, respectivamente, por bactérias da microflora materna e por aquelas oriundas da vagina e/ou períneo maternos. Dessa forma, as crianças nascidas por cesárea caracterizam-se pela ausência substancial de Bifidobacterium e Bacteroides, além de serem mais colonizadas por Clostridium difficile, sendo que, essa diferença na composição microbiótica intestinal inicial pode aumentar o risco de diabetes tipo 1, por causa de uma possível modulação imunológica comprometida do equilíbrio entre os linfócitos TCD4+ auxiliares do tipo 1 e 2. Conclusão: Há um aumento de 20% no risco de diabetes tipo 1 com início na infância e/ou manifestação na adolescência, após parto cesáreo, cujo aumento não pode ser explicado por potenciais variáveis confundidoras conhecidas.
Publicado
2021-04-24
Como Citar
Duz, B. ., De Almeida, I. C. ., Curi, J. S., Brand, C., & Reuter, C. P. (2021). A INFLUÊNCIA DO TIPO DE PARTO NA CONSTITUIÇÃO DA FLORA DO TRATO GASTROINTESTINAL E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 1 NA INFÂNCIA E ADOLESCÊNCIA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 36. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/977
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