Introdução: Embora seja inegável o fator emocional, principalmente as vivências traumáticas infantis, a correlação entre a hipersecreção de cortisol e a depressão é uma das mais antigas da psiquiatria biológica. A literatura destaca que um indivíduo com alteração de comportamento aumentaria a produção de cortisol, o que teria efeito sobre a sua imunidade. Tal efeito, por sua vez, refletiria no SNA, sendo possível identificar uma leitura que aborda a depressão a partir da interação entre os sistemas psíquico, endócrino, imune e neurológico. Objetivo: Analisar a literatura dos últimos cinco anos acerca da correlação entre níveis elevados de cortisol e depressão. Método: Durante o mês de março de 2021, foram analisados artigos, em inglês, tendo como referência a base de dados MedLine via PubMed. Foi utilizado MeSH para obter as variações dos descritores e filtradas publicações dos últimos cinco anos. Resultados: De acordo com os resultados, embora, alguns estudos reivindiquem não existir relação ou apenas uma associação moderada entre depressão e cortisol, na maior parte dos artigos analisados tal associação ainda é defendida. Nesta direção, foi encontrada associação entre a baixa conectividade hipotálamo-hipocampo e a resposta elevada do cortisol em mulheres com alto humor disfórico. Ademais, foram identificados dano celular e disfunção mitocondrial causados por estresse crônico, podendo levar à liberação de DNA mitocondrial (mtDNA) na corrente sanguínea. O Transtorno de Depressão Maior (TDM) foi associado a uma quantidade aumentada de mtDNA em leucócitos; e as tentativas de suicídio e a hiperatividade do eixo hipotálamo hipófise adrenal a uma elevação dos níveis plasmáticos mtDNA. Pode-se observar ainda que em pacientes depressivos com psicose, os níveis de cortisol mostraram-se aumentados quando comparados a pacientes com TDM sem psicose. Além disso, foi verificado que hipercortisolemia com envolvimento de diminuída concentração de TNF-alfa pode desempenhar um importante papel na supressão da resposta IgG em pacientes deprimidos. Por fim, em pacientes com TDM, a influência dos traumas ocorridos na infância sobre a severidade da depressão foi mediada tanto por atitudes disfuncionais como por níveis de cortisol. Conclusão: O cortisol ainda pode ser considerado um biomarcador confiável, não invasivo e de baixo custo para pacientes psiquiátricos.
Publicado
2021-04-24
Como Citar
Rodrigues , S. D., Soares, V. D. P. B., Sales, . D. N., Cheaitou, M. S., & Corrêa, C. R. G. L. (2021). CORTISOL E DEPRESSÃO. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 35. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/976
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