A LEISHMANIA TEGUMENTAR AMERICANA E A AÇÃO DO PARASITA NO SISTEMA IMUNE

Maria Da Glória De Lima  Matias; Edivan Lourenço Da Silva Júnior; Thaís Arielly Firmino De Souza Silva; Deise Ayara De Lyra Pereira; Gleyka Daisa de Melo   Santos

doi:10.51161/rems/963

A LEISHMANIA TEGUMENTAR AMERICANA E A AÇÃO DO PARASITA NO SISTEMA IMUNE

Autores

Maria Da Glória De Lima Matias
Edivan Lourenço Da Silva Júnior
Thaís Arielly Firmino De Souza Silva
Deise Ayara De Lyra Pereira
Gleyka Daisa de Melo Santos

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/963

Palavras-chave:

Leishmania Tegumentar Americana, Infecção Parasitária, Imunologia

Resumo

Introdução: A Leishmaniose tegumentar é uma doença parasitária, crônica e infecciosa, sendo uma das principais doenças negligenciadas. É caracterizada pela infecção ativa do protozoário do gênero Leishmania, caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de lesões cutâneas, que podem produzir úlceras e deixar cicatrizes, gerando danos físicos e emocionais nos indivíduos infectados. Por sua fácil transmissão, que se dá através de insetos hematófagos, flebotomíneos, é importante o estudo das formas de ação do parasita no organismo humano, visando-se formas de tratamento mais eficientes, já que a doença atinge muitos indivíduos nas regiões endêmicas e não existem muitas alternativas para o tratamento. Objetivo: Analisar a infecção do parasita do gênero Leishmania no organismo e sua respectiva ação no sistema imune. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados científicos Scielo, PubMed, LILACS e Google Acadêmico, considerou-se publicações de artigos científicos dos últimos cinco anos. Resultados e discussão: O ciclo evolutivo da Leishmania apresenta duas formas: promastigota, encontrada no vetor, e amastigota, forma intracelular presente nos hospedeiros. Os glicanos, polissacarídeos, possuem importante papel durante o processo infeccioso, os glicoconjugados como glicoinositolfosfolipídios e proteofosfoglicanos tipo mucina estão envolvidos nas primeiras linhas de infecção por macrófagos. Já as glicoproteínas ancoradas por sitol exercem funções essenciais na interação parasita-hospedeiro. A metaloprotease modula uma ampla via de sinalização das células hospedeiras, facilita o escape do parasita da lise e inibe a resposta das células Natural Killers, protegendo os parasitas intracelulares. Outros fatores importantes no processo infeccioso são a proteína PSA-2, envolvida na ligação e invasão dos parasitas em macrófagos e o ácido siálico, utilizados pela Leishmania para estabelecer ligações com os receptores da membrana, presentes nas células hematopoiéticas, promovendo sua entrada nos macrófagos. Conclusão: A compreensão destas interações entre parasita e hospedeiro durante e após o processo infeccioso é importante para ter uma visão de como os protozoários implementam a infecção no organismo e burlam a resposta imune do hospedeiro. Desta forma, novos medicamentos que sejam direcionados a estes fatores, seriam fundamentais para a melhoria da eficácia, segurança do tratamento e diminuição dos riscos de resistência aos medicamentos, com a redução dos riscos de consequências nocivas advindas desta enfermidade.

Publicado

2021-04-24

Como Citar

Matias, M. D. G. D. L. ., Júnior, E. L. D. S., Silva, . T. A. F. D. S., Pereira, D. A. D. L., & Santos, G. D. de M. . (2021). A LEISHMANIA TEGUMENTAR AMERICANA E A AÇÃO DO PARASITA NO SISTEMA IMUNE. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 22. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/963

Baixar Citação

Edição

v. 2 n. 2 (2021): Edição Especial: Anais de Eventos

Seção

Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line

Licença

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

O conteúdo desta revista foi migrado para https://editoraintegrar.com.br

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Dispatcher.dispatch(Object:Request) % line  281, file: PKPApplication.inc.php
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