Introdução: A toxoplasmose é uma parasitose provocada pelo Toxoplasma gondii, essa doença acomete aproximadamente um terço da população mundial. Apesar de sua alta incidência, o microrganismo possui baixa patogenicidade. No entanto, quando a primoinfecção ocorre na gestação ela pode resultar em graves consequências para o desenvolvimento do feto. Assim, é de suma importância o rastreio de toxoplasmose na gestação com intuito de diagnóstico e tratamento precoce, reduzindo os possíveis danos materno-fetais. Objetivo: Descrever as principais consequências fetais promovidas por infecção materna na gestação pelo Toxoplasma gondii evidenciadas na literatura. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura utilizando as bases de dados “PubMed” e “SciELO”, sendo usados para a busca a combinação dos seguintes descritores em inglês: “Toxoplasma gondii", "toxoplasmose", "gestação", "congênita”. Resultados: As consequências da toxoplasmose congênita dependem do grau de exposição do feto aos protozoários, da virulência da cepa infectante e do período gestacional. No primeiro trimestre de gestação a chance de contaminação materno-fetal fica em torno de 15%, pode ocorrer morte fetal e graves danos neurológicos. No terceiro trimestre de gestação a transmissão materno-fetal aumenta significativamente, é, em média, de 60%, e os danos fetais mais comuns são: retinocorodite, calcificação cerebral, hidrocefalia e retardo mental. As formas graves desse acometimento são divididas em generalizadas e neurológicas. Na forma generalizada pode ocorrer alterações liquóricas, linfadenopatia, trombocitopenia, hepatoesplenomegalia e icterícia. Em casos de doença neurológica pode ocorrer calcificações intracranianas, coriorretinite, hidrocefalia, convulsão e microcefalia. Conclusão: A primo-infecção por toxoplasmose no primeiro e no terceiro trimestres de gestação pode desencadear acometimentos graves ao feto, os quais justificam a necessidade de um consenso em relação ao rastreio, diagnóstico e tratamento da doença na gestação.
Publicado
2021-03-01
Como Citar
Hammacher, G. K., de Azeredo, S. B., Rengel, N. G., Silva, G. S. da, & Tonial, F. (2021). Toxoplasma gondii NA GESTAÇÃO - DANOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO FETAL. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/704
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