Introdução: a leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) caracteriza-se por mutações genéticas que afetam as células tronco de origem mieloide, resultando na proliferação descontrolada de células neoplásicas e imaturas, os blastos. Estes acumulam-se rapidamente na medula óssea, devido à alta taxa de multiplicação e interferem na hematopoiese normal de células saudáveis. As manifestações orais da LMA são comuns e podem aparecer na fase precoce da doença, sendo indispensável neste cenário o papel da equipe multidisciplinar, na qual o odontólogo pode detectar os sinais de alerta na cavidade oral, suspeitar de leucemia e encaminhar ao Hematologista. Objetivo: por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, avaliar a incidência das manifestações orais como forma de diagnóstico precoce da LMA por meio da equipe multidisciplinar. Material e métodos: levantamento de artigos indexados nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs e Scielo a partir de 2000; por meio dos seguintes descritores: Leukemia AND oral manifestations. Primariamente, obtiveram-se 430 referências. Após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão/inclusão, restaram 26 artigos analisados no presente estudo. Resultados: a LMA, caracterizada pelo comprometimento da linhagem mieloide, é uma neoplasia mais frequente na idade adulta, porém, cerca 25% dos casos são pediátricos. Sinais e sintomas orais primários manifestam-se em aproximadamente 90% dos casos e consistem basicamente em: ulcerações, petéquias, púrpuras, sangramento oral espontâneo, hiperplasia gengival (acompanhada ou não de necrose), lábios fissurados, além de infecções oportunistas recorrentes. O grave sarcoma mieloide, um tumor extramedular sólido, surge em apenas 5% dos casos. Alguns autores destacam que pacientes com sangramentos orais ou púrpuras apresentam tempo de sobrevida reduzido em relação aos demais. Tais acometimentos também podem aparecer na leucemia crônica, porém não são específicos como na LMA. Conclusão: Em casos de LMA, as manifestações orais são muito prevalentes e de extrema importância para o diagnóstico precoce por meio da equipe multidisciplinar de saúde.
Publicado
2021-02-01
Como Citar
Tonelli, G. B. T., Barros, L. S., Campiol, N. L., & Rodrigues, W. C. (2021). DETECÇÃO PRECOCE DAS MANIFESTAÇÕES ORAIS NA LEUCEMIA MIELOIDE AGUDA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/635
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