CAPS, DESOSPITALIZAÇÃO, PORTADOR DE DOENÇA MENTAL, REFORMA PSIQUIÁTRICA
Resumo
Introdução: A desospitalização no Brasil teve início na década de 70, com o grande movimento da Reforma Psiquiátrica. Visa, primordialmente, prevenir as internações inadequadas e evitar o sofrimento vivido pelos portadores de doenças psíquicas em hospitais psiquiátricos. Além disso, considera a abordagem de reinserção territorial e cultural do paciente na comunidade. Em 2002, objetivando a substituição dos hospitais psiquiátricos, o Ministério da Saúde determinou a criação dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) que consistem em locais destinados a realizar o acolhimento e tratamento de pessoas portadoras de transtornos mentais. O CAPS é composto por equipes multiprofissionais que atuam de forma interdisciplinar e com base nos princípios e diretrizes que norteiam o Sistema Único de Saúde, em especial, o da Integralidade. No CAPS é integrado às Redes de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) e permite a instituição do acolhimento humanizado, tratamento psicológico e farmacológico, e reintegração social dos usuários. Objetivo: Destacar os vultuosos benefícios da desospitalização como medida terapêutica para as pessoas portadoras de transtornos mentais. Material e métodos: Revisão qualitativa, descritiva e observacional do livro “Desospitalização: reflexões para o cuidado em saúde e atuação multiprofissional” e revisão sistemática de literatura por meio de levantamento bibliográfico, incluindo artigos publicados de 2007 a 2022, nas principais bases de dados de ciências da saúde, SciELO, PubMed e Google Acadêmico. Resultados: Observa-se a presença de inúmeras modificações benéficas em relação ao tratamento de pessoas portadoras de transtornos mentais, tais como: a oferta de tratamento em rede; protagonismo do paciente no curso da morbidade que o acomete e no seu tratamento; acolhimento humanizado do paciente e de seus familiares; tratamento psicológico; terapia medicamentosa (a depender do caso); promover a reintegração social; considerar a pessoa portadora de doença mental em sua existência e condições de vida. Conclusão: A desospitalização tem mostrado grandes benefícios no tratamento do portador de transtorno mental, que passou a ser visto como cidadão detentor de direitos, além de permitir condições para que esse sujeito possa exercer suas potencialidades e capacidades com autonomia. Desse modo, o tratamento extra-hospitalar tem proporcionado melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes e de seus familiares.
Publicado
2022-03-16
Como Citar
Costa, F. da ., Vasconcelos, M. R. da C. ., Cruz, J. C. L. da ., Costa, L. da ., & Machado, Áulus da C. . (2022). OS BENEFÍCIOS DA DESOSPITALIZAÇÃO PARA O TRATAMENTO DOS PORTADORES DE TRANSTORNO MENTAL. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 368. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/3315
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