ALIMENTAÇÃO SAUDÁVEL, COVID-19, MACRONUTRIENTES, MICRONUTRIENTES, SISTEMA IMUNOLÓGICO
Resumo
Introdução: A alimentação saudável consiste em promover o equilíbrio entre os macronutrientes e macronutrientes, priorizando o consumo de alimentos In natura e minimamente processados e controlando a ingestão de alimento processados e ultraprocessados. Sabe-se que esse equilíbrio mantém a homeostase do organismo e fortalece o sistema imunológico. Objetivos: Avaliar a influência de uma alimentação saudável na prevenção do agravamento da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e observacional de artigos em inglês e português empregando como descritores as palavras “nutrição”, “alimentação”, “sistema imunológico” e “COVID-19”, publicados no período de 2020 a 2021, nas bases SciELO, Pubmed e Google Acadêmico. Foram utilizados 5 artigos para a realização da presente revisão. Resultado: Há uma relação direta entre o bom funcionamento do sistema imunológico e a ingestão de micronutrientes (vitaminas A, D, K, E, C e complexo B) e minerais (zinco, selênio, ferro, cobre), disponíveis nos alimentos saudáveis, com alto poder antioxidante, anti-inflamatório e terapêutico. O equilíbrio nutricional fornecidos por esses elementos beneficiam o sistema imunológico durante a proliferação e diferenciação dos linfócitos T e B, possibilitando uma rápida resposta imune às infecções. Sabe-se que a carência nutricional prejudica as funções da imunidade inata e adquirida, assim como a resistência e imunidade, acarretando o agravamento dos sintomas e a piora do estado de saúde de pacientes com COVID-19. Estudos mostram que uma dieta saudável está associada a um risco reduzido de desenvolver COVID grave, o que corrobora com a premissa de que a composição adequada de alimentos na dieta do indivíduo influencia o curso clínico, minimizando os sintomas e as sequelas da doença. Outros autores mostraram que pessoas que comem mais frutas, vegetais e legumes tiveram um risco 9% menor de contrair o SARS-CoV-2 e um risco 41% menor de desenvolver a COVID grave. Conclusão: Há uma ligação direta entre COVID grave e dieta pobre, sendo o estado nutricional do indivíduo peça fundamental para a manutenção da saúde e da imunidade. Porém, estudos são necessários para avaliar se uma dieta saudável previne a infeção pelo SARS-CoV-2 e o desenvolvimento de COVID-19 grave.
Publicado
2022-03-16
Como Citar
Pinheiro, L. de C. ., Rodrigues, A. T. ., Sampaio, L. V. ., Bezerra, M. L. P. ., & Silva, S. F. R. da . (2022). A IMPORTÂNCIA E OS EFEITOS DA ALIMENTAÇÃO SAUDÁVEL NO SISTEMA IMUNOLÓGICO DIANTE DO CONTEXTO DA COVID-19. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 367. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/3314
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