ANOMALIAS CONGÊNITAS, DEFEITOS EM MEMBROS, CARDIOPATIAS CONGÊNITAS, BRASIL
Resumo
Introdução: Os defeitos congênitos são alterações estruturais ou funcionais originadas na vida intrauterina, e podem afetar diversas estruturas corporais. Apresentam etiologia multifatorial, podendo ter causas genéticas, ambientais, nutricionais e infecciosas. No Brasil, as anomalias congênitas são a segunda maior causa de morte pediátrica até os cinco anos de idade, e são fontes frequentes de morbidade, trazendo grande impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes e de seus familiares. Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência de malformações congênitas no Brasil no período de uma década, entre os anos de 2010 e 2019. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e quantitativo, cujo dados de nascidos com um ou mais tipos de anomalias congênitas foram obtidos através do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) desenvolvido pelo DATASUS, por meio da Declaração de Nascidos Vivo (DNV), entre os anos de 2010 e 2019. Foram analisadas as prevalências ao nascimento para oito grupos de anomalias congênitas: Defeitos de membros, cardiopatias congênitas, fendas orais, defeitos de tubo neural, defeitos de parede abdominal, microcefalia, defeitos de órgãos congênitos e síndrome de Down. Resultados: Dentre o período analisado, percebeu-se a maior frequência de anomalias congênitas do grupo com defeitos em membros (26,4%), seguido de cardiopatias congênitas (10%), fendas orais (6%), defeitos de órgãos genitais (5,7%), defeitos de tubo neural (4,6%) e defeitos de parede abdominal (3%). Acredita-se que ainda existam subnotificações pelo sistema de monitoramento, uma vez que alguns defeitos congênitos podem ser assintomáticos antes do nascimento. Conclusão: Percebeu-se a maior prevalência de anomalias congênitas de membros e de comprometimento cardíaco, durante o período analisado. Esses dados podem ajudar a traçar medidas de fatores de prevenção por meio de planejamento para vacinação, controle de exposição materna a fatores de riscos, aconselhamento gestacional e reabilitação após o nascimento, permitindo uma melhoria na qualidade de vida e desenvolvimento dos infantes afetados.
Publicado
2022-03-09
Como Citar
Silva, D. E. F. ., Bezerra, M. M. A. ., & Carvalho, D. C. D. . (2022). DETECÇÃO DE ANOMALIAS CONGÊNITAS NO BRASIL: ANÁLISE EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DE UMA DÉCADA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 38. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/3221
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