MECANISMOS GÊNICOS RELACIONADOS ÀS ETAPAS DO PROCESSO EMBRIONÁRIO DE DIFERENCIAÇÃO SEXUAL

Autores

  • Ligia Ribeiro de Campos
  • Maria Luiza Lyczacovski Riesemberg
  • Maria Victória Ferreira Piccoli
  • Milene Krefer Machado

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/3218

Palavras-chave:

DIFERENCIAÇÃO SEXUAL, GENE SRY, DESENVOLVIMENTO EMBRIONÁRIO

Resumo

Introdução: A diferenciação sexual ocorre em torno da sétima semana após a fertilização, que estabelece o sexo cromossômico. Esse processo é mediado por genes, os quais, expressos ou não, geram uma  cascata de fatores e hormônios que diferenciam morfológica e funcionalmente estruturas primitivas do embrião resultando na manifestação sexual fenotípica. Objetivos: Destacar a implicação dos genes SRY, DAX 1 e SOX9, bem como fatores e hormônios decorrentes da expressão ou não desses no fenômeno de diferenciação sexual. Assim como diferenças entre esses processos conforme o sexo cromossômico. Metodologia:  Este estudo consistiu em uma revisão literária de artigos  escritos em inglês e português publicados nas bases de dados  “Pubmed”, “Scielo”,  no período entre 2000 e 2021. Resultados: Com base na análise literária, destaca-se o processo de diferenciação gonadal no período embrionário, através das características e importância de cada gene. A princípio, o fator determinante testicular (TDF) é responsável por ativar o gene SOX9, que tem sua expressão evidenciada nas células de Sertoli e ausente no tecido ovariano. Tal fator - codificado pelo gene SRY e expresso pelas células somáticas dos cordões sexuais masculinos - auxilia na diferenciação primeiramente de células de Sertoli e secundariamente em células de Leydig, que em conjunto  formam os testículos. Ademais,  os  ductos paramesonéfricos regridem devido à secreção do hormônio antimulleriano (MIF) e os mesonéfricos mantêm-se, em seguida com o auxílio da di-hidrotestosterona, diferenciam-se em genitália externa masculina. Enquanto em indivíduos do sexo feminino, que não expressam o gene SRY e o TDF mas sim o DAX-1, há a inibição da formação testicular. Bem como, os fatores Wnt4 e Rspo1 estimulam a diferenciação de células foliculares em ovogônias e, por fim, a formação dos ovários. Ocorre também a não regressão dos ductos paramesonéfricos devido à ausência de MIF, permitindo o desenvolvimento das estruturas da genitália interna feminina. Conclusão: Evidencia-se, então, o destaque da atuação gênica bem como o desencadeamento de fatores e hormônios relacionados a ela quanto o fenômeno embriogênico da diferenciação sexual.

Publicado

2022-03-09

Como Citar

Campos, L. R. de ., Riesemberg, M. L. L. ., Piccoli, M. V. F. ., & Machado, M. K. . (2022). MECANISMOS GÊNICOS RELACIONADOS ÀS ETAPAS DO PROCESSO EMBRIONÁRIO DE DIFERENCIAÇÃO SEXUAL. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 35. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/3218

Edição

Seção

I Congresso On-line Nacional de Histologia e Embriologia Humana
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