Introdução: A mononucleose infecciosa, decorrente da infecção primária pelo EBV (vírus Epstein-Barr), é uma doença observada frequentemente em adolescentes e adultos. Essa infecção é caracterizada principalmente por febre, faringite e linfadenopatia cervical. Objetivos: O artigo pretende apresentar uma revisão de literatura acerca do diagnóstico da mononucleose infecciosa. Material e métodos: A revisão de literatura foi realizada através de artigos das bases de dados PubMed e Google Acadêmico, utilizando estratégia de busca com as palavras-chave: Diagnóstico; Mononucleose infecciosa; Vírus Epstein-Barr. Selecionou-se 4 artigos mediante critério de abordagem pertinente ao tema. Resultados: O diagnóstico da mononucleose infecciosa representa um desafio, pois diversas doenças mimetizam um quadro clínico típico da infecção por EBV. Dessa forma, ainda que o exame físico revele sinais e sintomas característicos, a avaliação laboratorial, mediante testes não específicos e testes sorológicos específicos, é imprescindível para um correto diagnóstico. No hemograma do paciente encontra-se, geralmente, leucocitose com predomínio linfocítico e presença de linfócitos atípicos, que apresentam maior dimensão, núcleos lobulados e excêntricos, citoplasma abundante, vacuolizado e basófilo e indentações na membrana celular. Da mesma forma, testes de função hepática podem auxiliar na investigação, pois a maioria dos indivíduos acometidos demonstram alteração da função hepática durante os estágios iniciais, apresentando elevação das aminotransferases ALT e AST. A pesquisa de anticorpos heterófilos também contribui para o diagnóstico da infecção. Em relação aos testes sorológicos específicos, a detecção de anticorpos dirigidos contra antígenos específicos para EBV constitui o método preferencial para um diagnóstico definitivo. Em indivíduos imunocompetentes, para que se confirme o diagnóstico, são necessários títulos de três anticorpos diferentes, VCA IgM, VCA IgG e EBNA-1 IgG. Entretanto, devido a alta variabilidade e reatividade cruzada nas respostas sorológicas, em alguns casos recorre-se ao teste da avidez de IgG para avaliar o grau de maturação das IgG, estimar a duração da infeção primária e identificar se trata-se de uma infecção aguda. Conclusão: Em síntese, o diagnóstico da mononucleose infecciosa é realizado mediante o exame físico, a partir da identificação de sinais e sintomas característicos da infecção, e dos exames laboratoriais complementares, essenciais na diferenciação da mononucleose de outras doenças que mimetizam seu quadro clínico.
Publicado
2021-10-07
Como Citar
Pachêco, B. de L. . (2021). CONDUTA DIAGNÓSTICA DA MONONUCLEOSE INFECCIOSA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 06. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2144
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