DISBIOSE, MICROBIOTA, TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Resumo
Introdução: O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é um transtorno de neurodesenvolvimento caracterizado por padrões repetitivos de comportamento e déficits na comunicação e interação social presentes desde a infância. Sua etiologia permanece inconclusiva, mas há indícios de influência genética e de fatores ambientais. Nesse contexto, o eixo microbiota-intestino-cérebro apresenta papel importante, pois sintomas gastrintestinais ocorrem em cerca de 40-60% dos pacientes com TEA e alterações na microbiota podem prejudicar o desenvolvimento. Objetivos: Analisar a relação entre a disbiose intestinal e o Transtorno do Espectro Austista. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa através de busca eletrônica de artigos publicados entre 2017 e 2021, nas bases de dados PubMed e SciElo, sendo os descritores e operadores boleanos “Dysbiosis AND Autism Spectrum Disorder” e “Microbiota AND Autism Spectrum Disorder”. Foram contabilizados 359 artigos, e após triagem dos títulos e resumos, 10 trabalhos foram selecionados. Resultados: Observou-se, quanto às bactérias, aumento da razão Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, com significativa redução de Bacteroidetes e elevação nos níveis dos gêneros Collinsella e Desulfovibrio. Em relação aos fungos, a proporção de leveduras do gênero Candida em crianças com TEA é duas vezes maior que nas crianças com desenvolvimento típico e anticorpos anti- Candida albicans foram mais encontrados no plasma de crianças com TEA (36,5%) do que no do grupo controle (14,3%). Para as amostras fecais, constatou-se: maior presença de Lactobacillus spp. (68,8%) no grupo controle em relação ao grupo com TEA (27,7%); presença de leucócitos (14,9%) e leveduras (40,4%) no grupo com autismo e ausência destes no grupo controle; e abundância de Clostridium perfringens entre autistas (64,9%) em comparação aos neurotípicos (19,4%). Conclusão: Embora a relação entre a disbiose e o TEA seja descrita na literatura, alguns tópicos ainda permanecem em aberto, como a interferência de tratamentos com antimicrobianos, probióticos e transplante de microbiota fecal na melhora comportamental e o papel da microbiota fúngica nessas condições.
Publicado
2021-06-11
Como Citar
Albuquerque, J. B. ., Martins, D. R., Martins, O. C. ., Gomes, V. M. D. O. ., & Borges, F. M. . (2021). TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA E ALTERAÇÃO DA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 13. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1170
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