SISTEMA IMUNOLÓGICO, DOENÇAS PERIODONTAIS, IMUNIDADE INATA, IMUNIDADE ADAPTATIVA
Resumo
Introdução: A doença periodontal (DP) desenvolve uma estimulação complexa do sistema imunológico do hospedeiro tanto na imunidade inata quanto na adquirida. De acordo com o que a literatura indica, o sistema inato está envolvido na DP de várias maneiras. Embora a resposta imune adaptativa tenha diferentes mecanismos de ação, ela está intimamente relacionada à resposta inata, portanto sua ativação ocorre principalmente por meio de células dendríticas que participam da imunidade natural. Objetivo: Revisar a expressão da resposta imune do hospedeiro relacionada à doença periodontal. Materiais e métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura e busca de artigos publicados entre 2016 e 2021 na SciELO e PubMed. Resultados: O entendimento da doença periodontal como uma doença infecciosa foi além da elucidação dos patógenos periodontais relacionados ao biofilme supragengival e subgengival. Diante de possíveis ataques causados por microrganismos, a participação do sistema imunológico é um fator importante, pois muitos fatores imunológicos promovidos em resposta às bactérias podem causar alterações na homeostasia do osso alveolar. Na DP, tanto as respostas inatas quanto as adaptativas possuem células defensivas que respondem à agressão do tecido. Caso seja uma exposição prolongada aos patógenos periodontais, ativará o sistema imunológico. Este mecanismo é destrutivo para os tecidos periodontais porque os linfócitos ativados induzem a destruição do osso alveolar. Considerações finais: A resposta imune inata participa ativamente do desenvolvimento da DP, enquanto que a resposta imune adquirida está relacionada à destruição óssea alveolar pelas células T CD4 + diante do desenvolvimento da DP. Porém, embora possa interagir com células T CD4 +, a resposta imune humoral parece estar relacionada à proteção do tecido periodontal.
Publicado
2021-04-22
Como Citar
COSTA, K. D. D. M. ., NETO, I. C. V. ., & BORBA, T. O. D. S. . (2021). ABORDAGEM DAS RESPOSTAS IMUNOLÓGICAS DA DOENÇA PERIODONTAL: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 64. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1014
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