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v. 2 n. 2 (2021): Edição Especial: Anais de Eventos
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Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line
REAÇÃO DE HIPERSENSIBILIDADE NO LÚPUS ERITEMATOSO SISTÊMICO
Autores
Gabrielle Dos Santos Moreira
Letícia Rebeca Vieira De Oliveira
Maria Eduarda Da Silva Cursino Ribeiro
Amandha Victória De Pinho Gonzaga Rodrigues
Hallana Stephanie Soares De Araújo Freire
Palavras-chave:
Autoanticorpo, Imunocomplexos E Lúpus Eritematosos Sistêmico
Resumo
Introdução: O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença crônica, inflamatória, de etiologia multifatorial, que incide principalmente nas mulheres, e resulta de um desequilíbrio do sistema imunológico, em especial nas células B. A perda do controle imunorregulatório transmuta-se no desenvolvimento de autoanticorpos, sobretudo contra antígenos nucleares, que geram lesões celulares e/ou tissulares. Suas manifestações clínicas expressam-se por artrite, eritema malar, comprometimento renal, nervoso e hematológico que derivam, além de outros motivos, da deposição de imunocomplexos nos diferentes sistemas orgânicos. Objetivos: Analisar os fenômenos de hipersensibilidade no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico na literatura médica nos últimos 15 anos. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Scielo, Pubmed, e Google Acadêmico. Foram incluídos artigos relacionados aos fenômenos imunológicos presentes em pacientes com LES e excluídos textos incompletos, teses de doutorado e dissertação de mestrado. Utilizaram-se os descritores: autoanticorpo, imunocomplexos e lúpus eritematoso sistêmico em português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: Os estudos realizados tratam essa doença autoimune como uma falha na seleção de linfócitos de baixa afinidade para antígenos próprios, a qual é monitorada por uma reação de seleção negativa, em que linfócitos de alta afinidade são eliminados por apoptose. O escape desses linfócitos da seleção negativa proporciona aos seres humanos um potencial de autoimunidade que por meio de fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos será ativado. A posterior apoptose desse, induzida prioritariamente pela luz ultravioleta, proporciona a sua internalização pelas células B e apresentação ao sistema do MHC II. Em seguida, ocorre a ativação do linfócito T auxiliar que começa a produzir citocinas transformando os linfócitos B em plasmócitos específicos para o antígeno nuclear, gerando assim imunocomplexos. Esses complexos, quando não são removidos com rapidez, depositam-se nas articulações, na pele, nos vasos sanguíneos e ativam o sistema complemento, que por meio de citocinas induzem a migração de neutrófilos. Esses liberam enzimas que lesionam a região ocupada pelos complexos imunes. Conclusão: Dessa forma, fica evidente que múltiplos fenômenos devem ocorrer para a geração dessa doença autoimune. Por isso, deve-se analisar cuidadosamente os exames clínicos e laboratoriais a procura de autoanticorpos e diminuição das proteínas do sistema complemento.
Como Citar
Moreira, G. D. S., De Oliveira, L. R. V., Ribeiro , M. E. D. S. C., Rodrigues , A. V. D. P. G., & Freire , H. S. S. D. A. (2021). REAÇÃO DE HIPERSENSIBILIDADE NO LÚPUS ERITEMATOSO SISTÊMICO. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde , 2 (2), 02. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/941
Seção
Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line
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