EXAMES IMUNOGENÉTICOS PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE COMPATIBILIDADE RECEPTOR-DOADOR EM TRANSPLANTES EM SUMA

André Luiz Dos Santos

doi:10.51161/rems/2335

EXAMES IMUNOGENÉTICOS PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE COMPATIBILIDADE RECEPTOR-DOADOR EM TRANSPLANTES EM SUMA

Autores

André Luiz Dos Santos

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2335

Palavras-chave:

COMPATIBILIDADE, TRANSPLANTES, EXAMES IMUNOGENÉTICOS

Resumo

Introdução: Transplantes são processos onde a compatibilidade Receptor-Doador é fundamental para evitar-se a perda do paciente ou do órgão, que poderia ser melhor transplantado. Para isso, realizam-se múltiplos testes, principalmente clínicos e laboratoriais, avaliando ambos pacientes, buscando sucesso dos transplantes. Objetivo: Reconhecer a importância dos exames imunogenéticos para compatibilidade Receptor-Doador. Material e Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva em documentos científicos em português, no limite de dez anos, no Google Acadêmico e Scielo, destacando os termos: transplantes, imunogenética, rejeição, compatibilidade, combinados entre si, pareando-os. Resultados foram obtidos de um total de sete artigos. Resultados: As avaliações devem considerar a ausência de: (a) contraindicações absolutas - Sorológicas HIV, HTLV I e II, Hepatites B e C; Infecções virais; HIV; Meningoencefalite herpética; Linfoma-leucemia de Células T; Doença por Príons; Neoplasia maligna ativa; Lúpus; Artrite Reumatoide; Esclerodermia e Uso de Drogas. (b) contraindicações relativas - malignidade extra-hepática; SIDA doença e hipertensão pulmonar. (c) contraindicações clinicas - Tumores ativos, infecções não resolvidas (exceto para HIV, HCV, HBV, mas devem ser controlados); rejeição do paciente e expectativa de vida baixa; pacientes desnutridos; pessoas com transtornos mentais ou instabilidade emocional; pessoas que abusam de álcool, tabaco ou outras drogas; (d) contraindicações laboratoriais - Pacientes com doenças e infecções hepáticas e cardiovasculares não controladas. A identidade HLA consiste em vários genes agrupados numa mesma região do cromossomo 6. Sabe-se que mais de 11.000 alelos foram identificados, portanto, é raro que duas pessoas tenham o mesmo conjunto de genes. Porém, mesmo com o uso de imunossupressores para auxiliar o sistema imunológico a se adaptar ao ataque desse corpo estranho, pode ocorrer rejeição do órgão. Os principais exames que inferem contra-indicações são: (a) Tipagem HLA de receptores de transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas; (b) Tipagem HLA de doadores de células-tronco hematopoiéticas relevantes; (c) Tipagem HLA de doadores voluntários de células-tronco hematopoiéticas - Fase 1. Busca-se indicadores a presença, no soro do receptor, de anticorpos contra antígenos HLA do doador e identificação de genes HLA classe I e II. Conclusão: Entre as formas de avaliação de contra-indicações para recepção de tecidos, a avaliação laboratorial imunogenética é a mais importante, pois é nela que se saberá a compatibilidade Receptor-Doador.

Publicado

2021-11-08

Como Citar

Santos , A. L. D. (2021). EXAMES IMUNOGENÉTICOS PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE COMPATIBILIDADE RECEPTOR-DOADOR EM TRANSPLANTES EM SUMA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 21. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2335

Baixar Citação

Edição

v. 2 n. 4 (2021)

Seção

II Congresso Brasileiro de Biologia Molecular On-line

Licença

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

O conteúdo desta revista foi migrado para https://editoraintegrar.com.br

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Dispatcher.dispatch(Object:Request) % line  281, file: PKPApplication.inc.php
PKPApplication.execute() % line   68, file: index.php

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