Imunização, Sistema Imunológico, Qualidade Do Sono
Resumo
Introdução: O sono desempenha um papel único na manutenção da imunidade, o comprometimento da sua qualidade tem sido associado à redução da resposta às vacinas e ao aumento da vulnerabilidade às doenças infecciosas. Um número crescente de estudos vem sendo realizado para avaliar o impacto do sono inadequado sobre a qualidade de vida, a morbidade e a mortalidade. Objetivo: Apresentar estudos disponíveis que avaliam a associação do sono com a resposta imunológica, principalmente sua relação com a eficácia da vacinação. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura por meio das bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), SCIELO e MEDLINE. Os descritores utilizados foram: qualidade do sono, sistema imunológico e imunização. Desenvolvimento: Os principais atores no sistema imunológico são os leucócitos, os quais detectam e contribuem para a eliminação de células infectadas por patógenos, patógenos extracelulares, toxinas e células modificadas. Entretanto, a privação de sono pode interferir em vários processos imunológicos, como a apresentação de antígenos, produção de anticorpos pós-imunização, produção de citocinas e moléculas de adesão, entre outros. Estudos em laboratório mostraram que a privação parcial do sono após imunização contra hepatite A reduz a produção de anticorpos quatro semanas após a imunização. Em contra partida, uma rotina de sono equilibrada pode dobrar a resposta imune à vacinação quando comparada aos grupos com restrição do período de descanso. Tal fato decorre da mudança no número de linfócitos T e B na circulação periférica, da diminuição da resposta das células T auxiliares específicas do antígeno, declínios na produção de interleucina-12, e aumento da inflamação sistêmica. Sendo assim, o sono e o sistema circadiano atuam em conjunto para gerar um meio pró-inflamatório benéfico para a resposta imunológica individual. Conclusão: Portanto, o sono possui importante contribuição para a formação de células de memória no sistema nervoso e imunológico. Assim, intervenções destinadas a promover melhora da qualidade do sono são benéficas para a saúde, principalmente após a vacinação, melhorando a eficácia dessa estratégia para reduzir o risco de contrair doenças.
Publicado
2021-04-24
Como Citar
Paiva , I. G., Batista , D. M., Sena, P. M., & Lisbôa, A. C. V. C. (2021). RESPOSTA IMUNOLÓGICA E A SUA RELAÇÃO COM O CICLO-CIRCADIANO: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 37. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/979
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