Introdução: A pandêmica síndrome respiratória aguda grave do coronavírus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tem se mostrado altamente heterogênea em seus determinantes de gravidade e progressão da doença. Nesse contexto, eleva-se a preocupação sobre os possíveis impactos que as mudanças imunofisiológicas do período gestacional possam acarretar numa circunstância de infecção por COVID-19Objetivos: Avaliar e correlacionar as evidências disponíveis a respeito dos impactos da infecção por SARS-CoV-2 na gestação em razão das adaptações imunofisiológicas comuns ao período.Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada revisão, com busca nas bases de dados PubMed e BVS dos seguintes descritores e suas combinações em português e inglês: COVID-19, GESTAÇÃO, IMUNOLOGIA e RISCOS, nos últimos 5 anos, que retornou 60 artigos e aplicados critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram 29.Resultados: Constatou-se que na gestação ocorre aumento das células Treg que previnem o excesso inflamatório, porém, em gestantes infectadas com COVID-19, a inflamação endotelial continua a ocorrer, possivelmente porque na infecção a proporção de células Treg / Th-17 aparece alterada em favor das células Th-17. As gestantes apresentaram menos manifestações sintomatológicas de COVID - 19 quando comparadas à não grávidas, entretanto, tiveram maior taxa de admissão em UTI do que não grávidas com COVID-19 (1,5% vs 0,9%). Cerca de 0,5% das gestantes infectadas necessitaram de ventilação mecânica comparadas a 0,3% das não grávidas, porém com taxas de mortalidade comparáveis. Em até 9% das gestações, a infecção pode ser grave, contudo, em mais de 90% foi leve. Conclusão: O período gestacional é caracterizado por alterações de imunidade mediadas por Th-1 para imunidade mediada por Th-2. Por apresentarem aumento dos componentes do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, incluindo o receptor ACE2, sítio de ligação do SARS-CoV-2, levantou-se a hipótese de que as gestantes teriam risco aumentado em caso de infecção, todavia, o ambiente predominantemente Th-2 da gestação e o aumento das células Treg, resultou em formas menos severas de COVID-19 nas gestantes infectadas, quando comparadas a não grávidas infectadas.
Publicado
2021-04-24
Como Citar
Bivar, G. C. C., & Neto, . O. S. C. V. (2021). ASPECTOS IMUNOLÓGICOS DA INFECÇÃO POR COVID NA GESTAÇÃO E A SAÚDE DA MULHER: UMA REVISÃO. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 11. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/951
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