Introdução: A leucemia é uma doença maligna e se caracteriza pela proliferação anormal de células hematopoéticas mieloides ou linfoides na medula óssea. Essa complicação advém de uma ou mais alterações genéticas que vão atingir as células tronco ou células progenitoras da medula óssea, podendo acometer tanto adultos quanto crianças. A Linfohistiocitose Hemofagocítica (HLH) é uma doença de caráter inflamatório que leva a uma superestimulação do sistema imunológico por meio de uma hipercitocinemia. A HLH pode ser classificada em primária (também conhecida como familiar) ou secundária (também conhecida como adquirida). A HLH primária é de caráter genético sendo desencadeada, na maioria dos casos, por infecções virais. A forma secundária também pode ser desencadeada por infecções virais, além de doenças autoimunes e malignidades como leucemia. O atual cenário de pandemia por COVID19 despertou os questionamentos sobre a possível relação do desenvolvimento da HLH em pacientes pediátricos com leucemia que por ventura, sejam contaminados por COVID-19. Objetivos: Realizar uma revisão da literatura a respeito da HLH contextualizando-a com a COVID-19 e com a leucemia pediátrica, buscando discutir uma possível relação entre elas e suas complicações. Materiais e métodos: Busca por referencias bibliográficas nos bancos de dados Google School e PubMed. Foram usados, ainda, livros da biblioteca pessoal da autora. Resultados: Foi demonstrada a semelhança entre as patologias COVID-19 e HLH sendo agravado ou desencadeado pela leucemia pediátrica. Pacientes leucêmicos têm uma pré-disposição a infecções virais devido ao tratamento imunossupressor e ainda pelo desencadeamento da patologia em si. Conclusão: Embora o diagnóstico de HLH em pacientes de COVID-19 seja difícil, é fundamental que esta hipótese seja cogitada pela equipe médica, a fim de salvaguardar a vida destes pacientes que já estão fragilizados por uma patologia tão severa quanto as anteriores que é a leucemia.
Publicado
2021-02-01
Como Citar
Gouveia, M. de A. N., & Andrade, F. G. (2021). COVID-19, LINFOHISTIOCITOSE HEMOFAGOCÍTICA (HLH) E LEUCEMIA: QUAL A RELAÇÃO ENTRE ESSAS TRÊS DOENÇAS?. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/782
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