Introdução: A mielorradiculopatia esquistossomótica (MRE) é uma forma ectópica grave e incapacitante de apresentação da esquistossomose, doença de caráter endêmico associada à pobreza e ao baixo desenvolvimento econômico, muito disseminada nacionalmente. No Brasil, a MRE deve-se, principalmente, à infecção pelo S. mansoni no SNC a nível medular. À medida que os conhecimentos sobre esta patologia são difundidos, tem sido cada vez mais relatada, o que reforça a hipótese de subnotificação. Nesse sentido, é provável que esteja sendo incorretamente diagnosticada, o que ratifica a importância do conhecimento clínico, dos métodos diagnósticos e do tratamento acerca da MRE. Objetivo: Nesse trabalho de revisão bibliográfica objetiva-se esclarecer as manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico e tratamento da Mielorradiculopatia esquistossomótica. Material e Métodos: A composição do estudo científico resultou da compilação de artigos publicados entre os anos de 2000 a 2020, através do Google Acadêmico e Portal do Ministério da Saúde. Foram identificados e classificados por ordem de relevância 189 artigos, dentre estes 09 foram utilizados na composição deste material. Discussão: As manifestações clínicas são diversificadas. Regularmente evidencia-se dor lombar, disfunção urinária e alterações de sensibilidade de membros inferiores (Síndrome Prodrômica). O diagnóstico se dá pela evidência clínica de lesão neurológica e pela positividade de reações imunológicas específicas para esquistossomose confirmada por imunofluorescência, ELISA ou hemaglutinação. Análise liquórica revela pleocitose linfomononuclear e hiperproteinemia. A ressonância magnética, mielografia e mielotomografia são métodos de imagem que podem revelar alterações, porém são restritos devido ao alto custo. Quanto ao tratamento: Praziquantel 50mg/kg no adulto e 60mg/kg na criança (até 15 anos), divididos em duas tomadas, via oral, com intervalo de quatro horas, associado a Prednisona 1mg/kg/dia, dose única, via oral pela manhã, por 6 meses, com retirada gradual. A intervenção cirúrgica pode ser considerada quando verifica-se piora ao tratamento clínico. O bom prognóstico se correlaciona com o tratamento precoce da infecção. Diagnósticos diferenciais: mielite, hérnia discal lombar, esclerose múltipla, trauma medular, tumores, deficiência de vitamina B12, vasculite, siringomielia, neurocisticercose, etc. Conclusão: Todos os profissionais da saúde devem estar aptos a reconhecer e diagnosticar MRE de modo a estabelecer diagnóstico, iniciar tratamento de forma precoce e minimizar riscos de sequelas neurológicas.
Publicado
2021-03-01
Como Citar
Silva, G. F. S., Pereira, A. J. A., & Magalhães, M. J. da S. (2021). MIELORRADICULOPATIA ESQUISTOSSOMÓTICA: MANIFESTAÇÕES CLÍNICAS, DIAGNÓSTICO E TRATAMENTO. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/750
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