Introdução: Em 2014 houve cerca de 214 milhões de casos de malária mundiais, com uma estimativa de 438.000 óbitos, muitos na África subsaariana. O Brasil, por seus aspectos climáticos, também sofre com a malária. Possuindo registros de programas de controle desde 1905, contextuando a durabilidade do problema. A espécie da malária com 84% dos casos nacionais é a Plasmodium vivax, diferente da maior parte do mundo que é lesada pela Plasmodium falciparum. O mosquito transmissor, do gênero Anopheles, costuma atacar em certos períodos do ano, introduzindo o parasita. Por esse fato, foi elaborada a quimioprevenção sazonal da malária (SMC), que se trata de medicamentos ministrados ao público com idade inferior aos 5 anos, o qual é o mais afetado, antes do pico de transmissão anual. O SMC, demonstrou resultados promissores com a redução de 82% dos casos no grupo. Entretanto, a aplicação dos fármacos é trabalhosa e no futuro podem acontecer casos de resistência medicamentosa, por isso são vitais novas tecnologias para conter a enfermidade. Objetivo: Discorrer acerca das novas perspectivas envolvendo a vacinação para a malária. Material e métodos: Se trata de uma revisão de literatura, com utilização da base de dados PubMed, com as palavras de busca: malaria; vaccination; brazil; Plasmodium vivax. E artigos pesquisados dos anos de 2010 a 2020. Resultados: Foram encontradas vacinas em desenvolvimento, a maior parte delas para o P. falciparum, com destaque ao modelo RTS,S/AS01, que demonstra uma alta eficácia, mas com baixa durabilidade. Outros protótipos com mecanismos divergentes também tiveram resultados positivos, fato que demonstra as possibilidades de combate ao parasita de maneiras diferentes. Já os estudos acerca da espécie P. vivax ainda surgem timidamente. Conclusão: a vacina se trata de uma possibilidade futura, mesmo com a necessidade de mais testes e metas de imunização. Se tratando de uma importante aliada ao combate da enfermidade já que imunizará mais camadas da população que o tratamento atual, além de ser capaz de auxiliar o tratamento SMS já existente, tornandoo mais eficaz.
Publicado
2021-03-01
Como Citar
Ribeiro, D. H. F. (2021). MALÁRIA: NOVAS PERSPECTIVAS DE PREVENÇÃO. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/713
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