Introdução: A tuberculose é uma doença infecciosa bacteriana grave, provocada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Estudos indicam o aparecimento de cepas multirresistentes aos medicamentos disponíveis para o tratamento configurando uma séria ameaça à saúde. Objetivo: Verificar os fatores de risco para a drogarresistência correlacionando-os ao padrão de acometimento de tuberculose em Santa Catarina. Material e Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados Scielo, Google Academic e PubMed com os termos “tuberculosis” e “microbial resistance”, em inglês, português e espanhol, no período de 2015 a 2020. Nove artigos foram utilizados nessa revisão, ademais, foi realizado um levantamento epidemiológico da patologia na plataforma DataSUS, tabulado e comparado no programa Microsoft Excel. Resultados: A tuberculose está associada a vários fatores, como pouca aderência ao tratamento, surgimento de cepas multirresistentes, coinfecção com HIV e vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Constatada a patologia, a literatura discorre acerca da complexidade do tratamento, sendo imprescindível a associação medicamentosa para garantir a cura e evitar recidivas, além de impedir seleção de resistência. Nessa perspectiva, a quimioterapia antituberculosa transcorre por seis a nove meses e não garante a supressão total das bactérias, o que culmina no abandono terapêutico e consequente aparecimento de cepas multirresistentes. A tuberculose drogarresistente (TBDR) não responde à medicação exigindo a aplicação de fármacos de segunda linha, com tratamento prolongado, menos cura e mais abandono. Assim, o prognóstico é agravado com o avanço do padrão de resistência. A investigação epidemiológica constatou, no Brasil, a presença de 452.309 casos de tuberculose no período de 2015 a 2019. Destes, 11.088 casos em SC, destacando-se 7.181 curados, 1.079 abandonos, 268 óbitos e 147 TBDR. Em relação aos testes rápidos de TB, especificamente, evidenciou-se 1.799 sensíveis, 113 resistentes e 8.065 não realizados. Conclusão: A análise dos fatores de risco é indispensável para o manejo adequado da tuberculose. É fundamental ampliar a cobertura de testagem para tuberculose, visando a detecção e o combate à resistência medicamentosa para evitar prejuízos no tratamento.
Publicado
2021-03-01
Como Citar
Gniech, A. L., Gniech, N. R., Polese, T. R., D’Agostini, F. M., & Fernandes, L. S. (2021). TUBERCULOSE: PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO NO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA, FATORES DE RISCO E RESISTÊNCIA MICROBIANA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/682
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