Introdução: A aterosclerose é uma doença multifatorial, lenta e progressiva, resultante de respostas celulares e inflamatórias. A placa aterosclerótica forma-se num processo de acúmulo de lípides e elementos fibrosos, que se depositam na parede das artérias. Está entre as principais causas de morte por doenças não contagiosas, matando milhares de pessoas anualmente. Objetivo: Compreender os mecanismos inflamatórios promotores da doença aterosclerótica. Material e Métodos: Esse trabalho é uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre mecanismos inflamatórios da aterosclerose. Para realizá-la pesquisou-se no SCIELO e PUBMED os descritores: “aterosclerose, inflamação”, além de material do Departamento de Aterosclerose da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC/DA). Resultados: Utilizou-se 4 artigos que contemplavam o assunto pesquisado e informações atualizadas da SBC/DA para se fazer a revisão e constatou-se que a resposta inflamatória na aterogênese é mediada por mudanças funcionais em algumas células. A ativação destas células desencadeia a elaboração e interação de um extenso espectro de citoquinas, moléculas de adesão e fatores de crescimento, acarretando acúmulo de lípides e proliferação de células musculares lisas. Adicionalmente, a resposta inflamatória pode ser induzida pelo estresse oxidativo, principalmente à oxidação da LDL. As placas ateroscleróticas recém formadas são consideradas vulneráveis, pois apresentam núcleo necrótico com presença de grande número de elementos inflamatórios. A inflamação gerada inibe as células musculares lisas, impedindo a formação de uma capa fibrosa mais espessa; logo, menos propensa à ruptura. Assim, considera-se a aterosclerose uma doença inflamatória, pois em condições normais, o endotélio vascular apresenta uma superfície inerte. Entretanto, havendo lesão da primeira célula endotelial ocorre um recrutamento de monócitos e consequente liberação de seus produtos, desenvolvendo uma intensa cadeia de respostas inflamatórias vasculares. Conclusão: Conhecer as atividades celulares e mecanismos inflamatórios relacionados ao seu mau funcionamento é indispensável para propiciar um melhor suporte clínico nas terapêuticas e profilaxia desse problema de saúde.
Publicado
2021-02-01
Como Citar
Bonacina, P., & Azeredo, S. B. (2021). MECANISMOS INFLAMATÓRIOS PROMOTORES DA DOENÇA ATEROSCLERÓTICA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/671
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