Demência, Diagnóstico, Doença de Alzheimer, Evolução, Exames laboratoriais
Resumo
Introdução: A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é um distúrbio neurodegenerativo caracterizado por demência, a qual o indivíduo apresenta perda da memória recente, interferências cognitivas e nas atividades cotidianas. Desde sua descoberta em 1906 por Alöis Alzheimer, seu diagnóstico se manteve diretivo às manifestações clínicas, contudo, hoje, se acresce avaliações e interações com outras doenças, interferências ambientais, bioquímicas, genéticas e epigenéticas. A identificação da DA é realizada pela detecção de acúmulos de placas β amiloide e depósitos intraneuronais de emaranhados neurofibrilares, que se aglomeram no citoplasma neuronal, desestabilizando microtúbulos e transporte axonal. Em consequência, acarreta estresse oxidativo e fissuras na barreira hematoencefálica desenvolvendo processo inflamatório cerebral, justificando a neurodegeneração. Objetivos: Registrar os exames laboratoriais incluídos no diagnóstico da Doença de Alzheimer nas diversas áreas das ciências da saúde, e elucidar a evolução do diagnóstico da Doença de Alzheimer através de uma linha do tempo. Material e métodos: Este estudo se desenvolve com a análise das diversas fontes de diagnóstico da DA e exposição histórica de seus eventos, por uma revisão narrativa envolvendo pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa de fontes de informações bibliográficas e eletrônicas. Resultados: Diversas áreas das Ciências da Saúde são fontes diagnósticas da DA tendo a avaliação clínica como primordial, visto que há necessidade de análise de exclusão de outras condições demenciais como investigações cognitivas e laboratoriais. Dessa maneira, são fontes alternativas os exames de neuroimagem, eletroencefalograma, análise gênica, análises clínicas diretivas para bioquímica tais como glicemia, ureia, creatinina, AST e ALT, Gama-GT, TSH e T4 e vitamina B12. A avaliação definitiva da DA consiste em biopsia e necropsia. Conclusão: A evolução diagnóstica da DA retrata uma série de pesquisas de diferentes áreas de estudo, revelando a sua importância no contexto familiar de forma marcante e expressiva.
Publicado
2021-02-01
Como Citar
Lima, . I. S. de, & Mota, I. C. da S. (2021). DIAGNÓSTICO LABORATORIAL DA DOENÇA DE ALZEIMER E SEUS REGISTROS HISTÓRICOS. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/659
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