Introdução: O Alzheimer é uma doença neurodegenerativa que acomete idosos no mundo todo, comprometendo a memória e a cognição dos portadores. Com a expansão da longevidade, a prevalência da doença continua a aumentar, dificultando a rotina de ainda mais famílias e a capacidade funcional dos idosos. Assim, vê-se a importância de compreender os fatores multicausais, como forma de prevenir a doença de Alzheimer. Objetivos: O presente estudo visa realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca dos principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do mal de Alzheimer, a fim de compreender os mecanismos que contribuem para o declínio cognitivo. Material e métodos: Foram realizadas pesquisas no mês de janeiro de 2022 e selecionados artigos na língua inglesa usando os descritores "Alzheimer", "neurology", "geriatric" e "risk factors" entre os anos de 2016 a 2022 em bases de dados da Biblioteca de Saúde Virtual (BVS) e PUBMED. Resultados: Foram analisados 36 artigos relacionados ao tema, sendo que apenas 12 foram selecionados e 24 foram descartados por não tratarem diretamente do tema ou não abordarem o contexto desejado. Dos que foram analisados, elencaram-se que fatores de risco como idade, sexo, hábitos alimentares (micro e macronutrientes dietéticos), estilo de vida, doenças preexistentes (a exemplo de Diabetes Mellitus 2), gene ApoE e outros genes específicos, ainda sob estudo, contribuem para a afecção neurodegenerativa progressiva e sua prevalência. Conclusão: Portanto, conclui-se que a doença de Alzheimer afeta a população em proporções cada vez maiores, haja vista que decorre de múltiplos fatores de risco são comuns na sociedade atual e de demais que ainda estão sob estudo. Além disso, essa doença compromete as estruturas relacionadas com a integração da cognição e do comportamento no indivíduo diagnosticado, também compromete a qualidade de vida daqueles que fazem parte de seu convívio. Nesse sentido, o conhecimento da fisiopatogênia da doença de Alzheimer se mostra muito importante para o desenvolvimento de possíveis diagnósticos precoces e de novas terapêuticas que foquem na origem da doença a fim de evitar sua manifestação.
Publicado
2022-03-16
Como Citar
Fonseca, M. de F. A. da ., Simões, B. S. ., Amaral, B. A. B. ., Dias, C. de F., & Gonçalves, R. D. N. . (2022). FATORES DE RISCO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO MAL DE ALZHEIMER EM POPULAÇÃO GERIÁTRICA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 350. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/3297
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