Introdução: A Leishmaniose Visceral é uma parasitose causada pela Leishmania chagasi e é transmitida pelo Lutzomyia longipalpis, o mosquito palha. Essa, é uma zoonose de animais silvestres e possui evolução crônica grave, na qual o ser humano, hospedeiro acidental, pode adquirir a infecção ao invadir florestas, demonstrando a importância do seu estudo epidemiológico. Objetivo: Realizar o estudo epidemiológico de tempo, pessoa e lugar da Leishmaniose Visceral no Brasil. Métodos: O estudo descritivo foi baseado nas informações, de 2015 a 2017, presentes em artigos da SciELO, em sites do Ministério da Saúde, da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz e do IBGE. Resultados: No continente Latino-Americano, a Leishmaníase está presente em 12 países, onde 96% dos casos ocorreram no Brasil em 2017. A enfermidade atinge todas as regiões, principalmente a Nordeste devido ao clima propício para a proliferação do protozoário e do mosquito. A Leishmaniose acomete ambos os sexos, prevalecendo em homens, 62,8% dos casos, devido a escassa busca a hospitais. Ademais, a doença prevalece em crianças menores de 10 anos, devido à imaturidade celular, e em adultos entre 20 e 59 anos, pois ficam mais predispostos devido à localidade ambiental do trabalho. A vulnerabilidade pode ser intensificada pela desnutrição, presente em áreas endêmicas, como o Nordeste, e pela maior exposição ao vetor no peridomicílio. Segundo o Ministério da Saúde, nos anos de 2015, 2016 e 2017 as taxas de letalidade foram 9,10%, 9,30% e 8,80%, respectivamente. Enquanto, em 2016, a morbidade foi de 1,3 e a mortalidade de 1,2 a cada 100 mil habitantes, existindo um decaimento em relação à 2015, que foi de 1,4 e 1,3. Este decréscimo se deu pelo surto de zika vírus que originou casos de microcefalia no fim de 2015 e desencadeou uma extensa campanha de prevenção contra o mesmo em 2016, interferindo indiretamente na prevenção contra o Lutzomyia longipalpis. Por fim, em 2017 houve um aumento desses números para 1,7 e 1,5/100.000. Conclusão: É importante o uso de repelentes, exercer compostagem e implantar de vigilâncias ativas.
Publicado
2020-07-01
Como Citar
de Freitas Cavalcante, I. ., Payritz Gois, A. ., Sousa de Castro Ribeiro, G., & Silva Milagres, B. . (2020). EPIDEMIOLOGIA DA LEISHMANIOSE VISCERAL NO BRASIL NOS ANOS DE 2015 A 2017. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 1(2), 84. Recuperado de http://editoraime.com.br/revistas/rems/article/view/296
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