Introdução: A adoção ao vegetarianismo pode ser motivada por diversos fatores, dentre eles a percepção de benefícios para a saúde, pois devido a constantes alterações no padrão das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT’s), a maioria dos adeptos a este regime alimentar baseia sua escolha na busca por um estilo de vida saudável. Objetivo: Explanar as características, riscos e benefícios da alimentação vegetariana para a saúde. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, realizada por meio de busca nas bases MEDLINE, SciELO e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Utilizou-se os seguintes descritores ‘alimentação vegetariana’, ‘vegetarianismo’, ‘riscos’ e ‘benefícios’. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado de maio a outubro de 2021. Resultados: Atualmente, a alimentação vegetariana tem de destacado como uma alternativa para a melhora do perfil lipídico e menor incidência de DCNT’s, pois proporcionam uma menor ingestão de gorduras saturadas e colesterol dietético, e em contrapartida, uma maior ingestão de carboidratos complexos, fibras e vitaminas e minerais antioxidantes. Porém, práticas mais restritivas, como o veganismo, incorrem em maiores riscos à saúde. A restrição é ainda maior quando se estende ao frugivorismo, no qual, além da exclusão de alimentos de origem animal, são também excluídos os vegetais folhosos. Em caso de dietas mal planejadas, alguns nutrientes são foco de preocupação, pois podem se tornar deficientes, como a vitamina B12, vitamina D, ácidos graxos ômega 3, cálcio, ferro e zinco. Conclusão: Diversas doenças como diabetes, hipertensão, variados tipos de câncer e outras, encontram-se significativamente reduzidas com a adesão ao consumo exclusivo de alimentos de origem vegetal, o que consequentemente promove reduzidas taxas de mortalidade. Porém, apesar dos seus benefícios, a alimentação vegetariana ainda está em processo de estudos. Considera-se que os veganos e vegetarianos estritos apresentam um risco maior de carências nutricionais e suas consequências, uma vez que a biodisponibilidade de alguns nutrientes como ferro e cálcio, por exemplo, encontra-se aumentada após o consumo de alimentos de origem animal em detrimento aos de origem vegetal.
Publicado
2021-12-20
Como Citar
Oliveira, K. da S. ., Simplício, A. R. G. ., Nobre, C. V. F. ., Júnior, F. dos S. P. ., Matos, S. O. ., Abreu, T. R. ., Freitas, N. A. ., & Silveira, F. M. M. . (2021). CONSUMO DE ALIMENTAÇÃO VEGETARIANA: CARACTERÍSTICAS, RISCOS E BENEFÍCIOS. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 109. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2868
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