CRIOPRESERVAÇÃO, MATERIAL BIOCOMPATÍVEL, MEDICINA REGENERATIVA, MEMBRANA AMNIÓTICA
Resumo
Introdução: A membrana amniótica humana (MA) é um atrativo biomaterial para o campo da medicina regenerativa (MR), que visa restaurar a função comprometida por traumas, defeitos congênitos, senescência, doenças inflamatórias e degenerativas. A importância crescente da MR é devida às modificações demográficas, como o aumento do envelhecimento da população. Nesse contexto, uma tecnologia que garanta qualidade de vida às pessoas acometidas por doenças crônica, e compatível com custos aceitáveis, é de grande importância para a saúde pública. Objetivo: Descrever as propriedades biológicas e mecânicas, as aplicações clínicas, a forma de colheita e preservação da MA. Material e métodos: revisão da literatura no período de 2016 a 2021 nas bases PubMed e Google Scholar.Resultados: A MA é um tecido biocompatível, e suas propriedades mecânicas como estabilidade, flexibilidade e permeabilidade, fazem dela um potencial scaffold, suportando o crescimento, adesão e migração celular, características necessárias para a engenharia tecidual. O transplante de MA intacta exerce efeitos anti-doloríferos, antibacterianos, anti-inflamatórios, antifibróticos, estimula a epitelização, modula a angiogênese auxiliando o processo de reparo dos tecidos danificados. Clinicamente, até 1940 seu uso era limitado devido à falta de protocolos ideais para processamento e armazenamento, até que a partir de 1995, com novos métodos de preservação, seu uso clínico expandiu na oftalmologia, em queimaduras, na reconstrução de vagina, defeitos da faringe e mucosa oral, nas úlceras de pés diabéticos, prevenção de adesões pós-operatórias e reparo de feridas em geral. Para as aplicações, a MA é obtida de cesárias eletivas, após o consentimento da gestante e após os exames sorológicos negativos para HIV-1 e 2, hepatite B e C, e sífilis, assim como a ausência de histórico de Covid-19. Em seguida, a MA é criopreservada, método que permite seu armazenamento e esterilização, visando à qualidade e segurança. Conclusão: As propriedades da MA são devidas aos seus componentes, como citocinas, fatores de crescimento, fator imunossupressor e proteínas estruturais, como o colágeno. Graças a elas existem múltiplas aplicações da membrana na MR. Nos últimos 5 anos a maior frequência foi na dermatologia, ortopedia, oftalmologia, odontologia e urologia. Ademais, apresenta grande disponibilidade, processamento de baixa complexidade e baixo custo.
Publicado
2021-12-18
Como Citar
Gonçalves, N. C. ., & Sant’anna, L. B. . (2021). POTENCIAL DA MEMBRANA AMNIÓTICA HUMANA NA MEDICINA REGENERATIVA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 99. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2856
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