ALPHAPAPILLOMAV, ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS, DOENÇAS SEXUALMENTE TRANSMISSÍVEIS, NEOPLASIAS DO COLO DO ÚTERO, TÉCNICAS E PROCEDIMENTOS DIAGNÓSTICOS
Resumo
Introdução: O câncer de colo uterino está relacionado principalmente as alterações causadas por subtipos oncogênicos do papilomavírus humano (HPV). Os subtipos 16 e 18 estão envolvidos em 70% dos casos. Essa patologia apresenta considerável impacto na população feminina, pois, no Brasil, é o quarto mais incidente em causa de mortalidade e também ocupa a quarta posição em incidência ao nível mundial. Objetivos: analisar meios de investigação precoce do câncer de colo uterino no intuito de prevenir morbidade e mortalidade. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica de natureza qualitativa e de caráter exploratório na base de dados Pubmed e Scielo utilizando os descritores neoplasias do colo do útero, técnicas e procedimentos diagnósticos. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos. Resultados: Os métodos de investigação precoce do câncer de colo uterino encontrados foram papanicolau, HPV testing e careHPV testing system. O método mais utilizado é o teste de rastreamento Papanicolau, analisa possíveis anormalidades celulares na junção escamocolunar do colo uterino, apresentando sensibilidade aproximadamente de 98% e sensibilidade de 55 a 80% na detecção de câncer invasivo e contribui para a redução das taxas de incidência e de mortalidade por meio do aumento da cobertura e da organização do programa de rastreio. O HPV testing realiza análise de DNA, importante na identificação dos tipos oncológicos, o uso combinado com Papanicolau aumenta a sensibilidade do exame e é recomendado pelo FDA em mulheres de 30 a 65 anos a cada 5 anos. O careHPV testing system analisa a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), é mais fácil de aplicar, rápido e de menor custo. Conclusão: O câncer de colo uterino é uma neoplasia maligna que pode ser prevenida por métodos de investigação aplicados de forma adequada. Apesar do HPV testing e careHPV testing system serem encontrados nesta pesquisa como meios de detecção do patógeno causador da doença mais eficazes, o meio de investigação mais acessível à população geral no Brasil é o papanicolau. Entretanto, esse método de rastreamento encontra diminuição de eficácia em países com sistema de saúde precário.
Publicado
2021-12-15
Como Citar
Ferreira, S. C. R. ., Santos, G. R. ., Kornin, A. ., & Alencar, A. R. . (2021). EXAMES DE INVESTIGAÇÃO PRECOCE DO CÂNCER DE COLO UTERINO: UMA REVISÃO LITERÁRIA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 121. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2747
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