Introdução: Os microRNAs são uma importante classe de pequenos RNAs endógenos não codantes. Esses pequenos RNAs (~ 22 nucleotídeos) agem como guia para um complexo ribonucleoprotéico clivar ou inibir o RNA mensageiro, atuando, desta forma, no silenciamento gênico pós-transcricional. Objetivo: O presente trabalho visou realizar uma breve revisão acerca da importância dos miRNAs no desenvolvimento vegetal. Material e Métodos: Desta forma, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nas plataformas Google Scholar, Periódico CAPES, PubMed,Scielo e em livros acadêmicos. As palavras-chave utilizadas foram: Plant microRNAs, Plant microRNAs biogenesis, microRNAs in Plant development. De acordo com o levantamento os genes de miRNAs em plantas estão localizados, predominantemente, nas regiões intergênicas e são transcritos em um microRNA primário de fita dupla (pri-miRNA). Resultados: O pri-miRNA é processado por um complexo enzimático contendo diversas enzimas, entre elas a Dicer-Like1 (DCL1), originando um microRNA precursor (pre-miRNA) que também é processado no núcleo pelo complexo DCL1. Nessa etapa, a proteína Hua-Ehancer1 promove a metilação na hidroxila do carbono 2’ no último nucleotídeo, sendo essa modificação uma proteção contra a degradação química do miRNA. Com o auxílio da proteína Hasty (HST) o miRNA é transportado para o citoplasma e incorporado à proteína Argonauta (AGO1) formando o complexo RISC o qual poderá atuar clivando ou inibindo o mRNA, impedindo sua tradução. Com o avanço do sequenciamento de próxima geração (NGS) os estudos de transcriptomas permitiram a elucidação dos mecanismos de ação dos microRNAs, sendo possível a compreensão desde sua biogênese, regulação da abundância e interação com o mRNA. Conclusão: Os microRNAs possuem papel fundamental na embriogênese, organogênese, nas rotas metabólicas dos vegetais; são de extrema importância no controle de estresses bióticos e abióticos e atuam na transição da fase vegetativa para a reprodutiva, no desenvolvimento radicular, foliar, de flores e frutos, entre outros. O entendimento do modo de ação desses pequenos RNAs nos tecidos vegetais é de grande relevância para os programas de melhoramento vegetal que tem como princípio a biotecnologia e a biologia molecular.
Publicado
2021-11-07
Como Citar
Silva, A. W. T. ., Breves, S. D. S. ., & Silva, F. R. . (2021). ATUAÇÃO DOS MICRORNAS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PLANTAS: UMA REVISÃO. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 10. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2324
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