SEPSE DECORRENTE DE BACTÉRIAS MULTIRRESISTENTES EM UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA BRASILEIRAS: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Autores

  • Ronald Pinto Costa
  • Gabriel Cheles Nascimento Matos
  • Gabriel Ângelo Araújo De Souza
  • Alcione De Oliveira Dos Santos
  • Rafaela Diniz Sousa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2186

Palavras-chave:

BACTÉRIAS MULTIRRESISTENTES, INFECÇÃO, SEPSE, UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA

Resumo

Introdução: A sepse é conceituada como uma resposta inflamatória exacerbada do hospedeiro a doenças infecciosas. No Brasil, é considerada a segunda maior causa de mortalidade em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs), além de gerar perdas econômicas aos hospitais, referentes ao prolongado período das internações. Pode ser causada por bactérias, vírus, fungos ou protozoários, sendo as bactérias os principais agentes etiológicos. Estas, quando caracterizadas como multirresistentes, resistem à ação de antimicrobianos disponíveis, por meio, por exemplo, de síntese enzimática e alterações na permeabilidade celular, dificultando o tratamento de doenças anteriormente tratáveis. As manifestações incluem variados estágios clínicos, como a síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica, a sepse grave e o choque séptico. Objetivos: Assim, busca-se analisar o acometimento de sepse por bactérias multirresistentes em pacientes internados em UTIs brasileiras. Material e métodos: Para isso, utilizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica, através de ferramentas on-line de busca por artigos científicos em inglês e português, como Google Scholar, PubMed e Scielo, entre os anos de 2012 e 2020. Resultados: Dessa forma, constatou-se que organismos multirresistentes, como as bactérias gram-negativas Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Acinetobacter baumannii, predominam nas UTIs brasileiras. Contudo, o agente infeccioso mais incidente é a bactéria Staphylococus epiderdimis, que gera infecções relacionadas ao uso de cateteres e pode ser transmitida pela equipe de saúde, por localizar-se na pele de pessoas saudáveis. Sendo assim, há riscos aos indivíduos submetidos a procedimentos invasivos, com doenças crônicas ou pacientes hospitalizados por longos períodos.  Além disso, o uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos torna o ambiente suscetível ao aparecimento de microrganismos multirresistentes. Há casos em que a ineficiência de antimicrobianos dificulta o tratamento, podendo evoluir para óbito em 35-45% para casos de sepse grave e 52-65% para o choque séptico, principalmente na região Centro-Oeste do país. Conclusão: Por fim, infere-se que desafios relacionados à propagação de bactérias potencialmente causadoras de infecções em pacientes de UTI são comuns mundialmente. No Brasil, apesar da expressiva incidência de casos de resistência bacteriana, ainda há carência de pesquisas, a fim de efetivar ações sanitárias direcionadas para reduzir a gravidade de casos e índices de pacientes afetados anualmente.

Publicado

2021-10-07

Como Citar

Costa, R. P. ., Matos, G. C. N. ., Souza, G. Ângelo A. D. ., Santos, A. D. O. D. ., & Sousa, R. D. . (2021). SEPSE DECORRENTE DE BACTÉRIAS MULTIRRESISTENTES EM UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA BRASILEIRAS: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 45. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2186

Edição

Seção

I Congresso Brasileiro de Doenças Infectocontagiosas On-line
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